Recent Developments in Fabrication of Super-Hydrophobic Surfaces: A Review

Nature has many biological structures with water repellency phenomena depicting super-hydrophobicity which are observed in various plants, insects, and animals. The advancements in the broad area of biomimetics provide scope toward development and fabrication of nanotextured surfaces. With biological design, replicating adaptation and derivation from various natural environments which is referred to as “biomimetics.” Related to exceptional properties of super-hydrophobicity, researchers have recently developed and fabricated biomimetic nanotextured super-hydrophobic materials. Surface modification to prepare chemical and physical textured super-hydrophobic metallic surfaces with standard protocols so that repeatable and well-characterized surfaces can be obtained with a high contact angle, low contact angle hysteresis, bounce, and proper roll-off rate. A review-based approach is provided in this paper with developments in surface modification and fabrication of super-hydrophobic materials by various nanotextured processes.