A complex adaptive system of systems approach to human–automation interaction in smart grid

This chapter expresses three cognitive genres: descriptive genre, normative/prescriptive genre, and know-how genre. The descriptive genre introduces and discusses on the following disciplines: the core concepts of complexity, complex adaptive system (CAS) of systems (CASoS), the application domains of human-automation interaction (HAI) and adaptive autonomy (AA), especially in Smart Grid, and two implementation ideas of expert systems and Petri nets. The chapter describes the automation related notions, that is, automation and HAI, followed by the investigation of HAI models' evolution from the perspectives of dimensions and dynamism. The idea of AA is then introduced as a dynamic HAI scheme, followed by the classification of AA implementation methods. Petri nets are introduced as powerful tools for modeling complex systems (CxS). Finally, Petri net realization of the adaptive autonomy expert system (AAES) is presented, followed by a performance evaluation study.