Akkermansia muciniphila -derived extracellular vesicles influence gut permeability through the regulation of tight junctions

Secretions from a particular gut bacterium improve metabolic function and glucose tolerance in mice with type II diabetes. Gut bacteria are crucial to maintaining the intestinal barrier, which separates gut contents from the rest of the body and protects from external pathogens. Following a study demonstrating that levels of the gut bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila are reduced in obese people, Sung Ho Ryu at Pohang University of Science and Technology and Yoon-Keun Kim at MD Healthcare Inc, South Korea, and co-workers, investigated the role of A.muciniphila in type II diabetes. They found that lipid structures termed extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by A.muciniphila were more prolific in the faeces of healthy patients than those with type II diabetes. Administration of these bacterial EVs to diabetic mice enhanced gut barrier wall integrity, reduced weight gain and improved glucose tolerance.