2D metal patterns transformed from 3D printed stamps for flexible Zn//MnO2 in-plane micro-batteries

Abstract Patterned 2D metal conductors have been frequently employed as interconnectors and electrodes in flexible and wearable electronics due to their high conductivity and low cost. However, many patterned technologies have shortcomings including conventional photolithography and emerging printing technologies (inkjet, screen, microcontact printing, et al.). Herein, a new alternative printing strategy, transform printing, is put forward to print metal patterns and construct Zn//MnO2 in-plane micro-batteries (IMBs) by combining 3D printing with stamping of metal films. As printed metal patterns on paper show very high-precision (