X-ray imaging with grazing-incidence microscopes developed for the LIL program

This article describes x-ray imaging with grazing-incidence microscopes, developed for the experimental program carried out on the Ligne d’Integration Laser (LIL) facility [J. P. Le Breton et al., Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications 2001 (Elsevier, Paris, 2002), pp. 856–862] (24kJ, UV—0.35nm). The design includes a large target-to-microscope (400–700mm) distance required by the x-ray ablation issues anticipated on the Laser MegaJoule facility [P. A. Holstein et al., Laser Part. Beams 17, 403 (1999)] (1.8MJ) which is under construction. Two eight-image Kirkpatrick-Baez microscopes [P. Kirkpatrick and A. V. Baez J. Opt. Soc. Am. 38, 766 (1948)] with different spectral wavelength ranges and with a 400mm source-to-mirror distance image the target on a custom-built framing camera (time resolution of ∼80ps). The soft x-ray version microscope is sensitive below 1keV and its spatial resolution is better than 30μm over a 2-mm-diam region. The hard x-ray version microscope has a 10μm resolution over an 800-μm...