Intracellular IFN-γ Production and IL-12 Serum Levels in Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA) and in Type 2 Diabetes

Th1 cytokines, such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and Th1-inducing cytokines, such as IL-12, are involved in the pathogenesis of various organ-specific autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune diabetes. In this study, we investigated intracellular IFN-γ release by T lymphocytes and IL-12 serum levels in 48 type 2 and 36 latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA) diabetics and 25 control subjects in an attempt to evaluate their role in the pathogenesis of these clinical entities. Ionomycin (ION) and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stained with anti-CD4-FITC or anti-CD8-FITC and anti-IFN-γ phycoerythrin (PE) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and analyzed by flow cytometry. IL-12 serum levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In all study groups, IFN-γ content of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes was significantly upregulated by stimulation. Furthermore, it was observed that CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes from typ...