Effect of Single and Multiple Injections of Adipose Stem Cells and Ascorbic Acid on the Cerebral Cortex: Histological Study in Experimentally Induced Type I Diabetes

Background and Objectives: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is common cause of dementia in the world. The link connecting AD and Diabetes mellitus (DM) appears so strong that AD is referred as Brain Diabetes. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) played a potential role in stem cell transplantation in animal models. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the possible therapeutic effect of both single and multiple injections of AMSCs and ascorbic acid (AA) on the cerebral cortex in induced type1 DM (T1DM) in adult male albino rats. Materials and Methods: Forty four adult male albino rats were divided into, Group I (Control group) of 5 rats. Group II (Diabetic group). Group III (Diabetic treated with AMSCs single injection) .Group IV (Diabetic treated with AMSCs single injection and AA) each 7 rats and received single intra peritoneal (IP) injection of STZ 50 mg/kg, in Group III and Group IV, 1x106 AMSCs, were injected IV, in Group IV oral AA of 500mg/Kg was added. Group V (Diabetic treated with AMSCs multiple injection) and Group VI (Diabetic treated with AMSCs multiple injection and AA) each 7 rats, each was injected IV by 1ml of AMSCs four times, in Group VI combined daily oral administration of AA was performed. Histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric and statistical studies were performed. Results: Group II demonstrated multiple large masses exhibiting dark nuclei in the External pyramidal (EP) layer, deformed neurons, rarified neuropil. Group III recruited minimal amelioration of the previous changes. Group IV showed better changes. Group V recruited obvious improvement. Group VI revealed minimal changes.Conclusion: T1DM induced cerebral cortical inflammatory and degenerative changes. AMSCs proved a therapeutic effect that was more noticeable in response to multiple injections. Combined AA and AMSCs therapy guaranteed the most remarkable effect that can be related to activated migration and trans-differentiation.