Pedospheric environmental forensics aspects

Abstract Lithosphere constitutes the most important compartment of environment. Soil microbes are essential for plant nutrition and health and play an important role in agroecosystem functioning. They have most diverse communities that reflect soil type, environmental conditions, and land management. Environmental forensics possesses an important aspect for soil analysis for detection of different microbes found primarily in the pedospheric zone. There are different methods for characterizing microbial communities in soil, including genotypic and phenotypic analysis. The first forensic lab in Pakistan was established before partitioning, in 1906. A noteworthy issue in soil microbial examination has been that most soil microorganisms cannot be characterized by established microbiological cultivation techniques. It is evaluated that around 80%–90% of soil microorganisms are not yet cultured by methods of traditional strategies.