Evolution and Bio-Inspired Design: Natural Limitations

Biomimetics is the incorporation of novel structures and mechanisms from nature into the design and function of engineered systems. Promotion of biomimicry has been justified on the basis that evolution has modified structures and functions in organisms to achieve optimal solutions and maximize performance. Such justifications reflect an incomplete understanding of evolution and constraints imposed on biology. Evolution is not a conscious or predictive process and does not drive toward perfection. Organisms are not optimal with regard to any one specific function. Where a biological feature will out-perform available technologies, these features can be targeted for assimilation into bio-inspired designs. For engineers and entrepreneurial investors interested in a biomimetic approach, an understanding of evolution and the limitations and constraints that have shaped biological organisms are necessary to avoid unsupportable and overzealous claims.