Optimizing peripheral blood stem cells transplantation outcome through amend relapse and graft failure: a review of current literature

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has been considered as a valuable approach in treatment of numerous malignant and none malignant hematologic disorders. However, relapse and poor graft function (PGF) after allo-SCT remain to be controversial issues which may affect the transplantation outcome. Relevant articles were searched in MEDLINE database (2000–2016) using keywords and phrases: donor lymphocyte infusions, allogeneic stem cells transplantation, relapsed hematologic malignancies, booster schedules, cell dose, laboratory monitoring protocols and technical aspects of apheresis. Relapse of disease and PGF could be reduced via noting some main points such as choosing the suitable time and patient for donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) and also determination of patients who ought to candidate for second allogeneic HSCT or for the use of stem cell boost. DLI and stem cell booster are promising treatment strategies noted in this review. Finally, this paper discusses indications and technical aspects of DLI and stem cell booster in hematological malignancies and emphasizes their therapeutic or pre-emptive potentials.