Single-Use, Disposable, In Vitro Biosensors for the Detection of Biomarkers of Various Diseases

Breast cancer and prostate cancer rank number 2 and 4, respectively in the global cancer burden. Detection of relevant biomarkers for each cancer is scientifically and clinically important. The biomarkers can be specific proteins, antigens, and enzymes and can be quantified without a complicated biopsy, and with a single-use, disposable, in vitro biosensor using a physiological fluid medium. In this review, the development of a single-use, disposable in vitro biosensor for the diagnosis of metastasis of breast cancer and prostate cancer is discussed. The detection techniques for both these biomarkers employ the quantification of H2O2, an electrochemical active product of the bio-recognition mechanisms, are discussed. Cost effective manufacturing processes; thick-film screen printing and laser ablation techniques are used to produce the biosensor prototypes. Detection of alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR), and lysyl oxidase like-2 (LOXL2), biomarkers for prostate cancer and metastasis of breast cancer r...