Improving the accuracy of barotropic and internal tides embedded in a high-resolution global ocean circulation model of MITgcm

Abstract In recent years, high-resolution global ocean circulation models have begun to include astronomical tidal forcing to concurrently simulate ocean circulation, barotropic and internal tides. The inclusion of tides is of great significance for understanding three-dimensional (3-D) ocean mixing and developing internal tide prediction. However, due to uncertainty in topography and damping terms, improper representation of the self-attraction and loading term, barotropic tidal estimate cannot match that in the data-constrained barotropic tidal model. In this study, the TPXO8 data are assimilated to optimize the tides embedded in a global 9-km 3-D general circulation model of MITgcm as follows. For each time step of the MITgcm, the previous 25-hour-averaged sea surface height (SSH) is subtracted from the instantaneous SSH to obtain the MITgcm surface tidal elevation. Then, the difference of surface tidal elevation between the MITgcm and TPXO8 together with a damping coefficient acts as an additional term for the right-hand side of the SSH equation in order to correct the SSH field. Results show that the global M 2 ( K 1 ) error of the corrected surface tidal elevation relative to the TPXO8 reaches 2.12 cm (0.89 cm). Compared with tide gauge data, the accuracy of surface tidal elevation after using the correction scheme is almost the same as that of TPXO8 for all areas except for some continental shelf and coastal areas. The internal tidal signals are subsequently improved compared to the along-track altimetry and TAO observations. Compared to previous tidal assimilation scheme, the implementation of the correction scheme used in this study is simple and more suitable for realistic applications.