Arquitetura vernacular sustentável em área legalmente protegida: Unidade pedagógica na APA da ilha do Combú, Pará

The objective of this work was to propose a pedagogical unit in an area of environmental protection (APA) on the Ilha do Combu based on results from thermal and hydrological analyses associated with verticalization and the loss of green areas in Belem. Fieldwork was done including analysis of evaoptranspiration rates, monitoring of species used in landscaping projects, and tests using computational tools to evaluate the thermal load and degree of insolation, as well as to elaborate an architecture project for the area. Data were collected material available in the area that could aid in mitigation of the “garbage footprint” and in the destination of illegal wood apprehended by environmental compliance agencies that could be used in a construction project immersed in an insular landscape design. The use of sustainable strategies such as green roofs and surfaces enables a reduction of the thermal load during the hours with the highest incidence of solar radiation in low-latitude regions, suc as the APA on the Ilha do Combu. The proposed pedagogical unit is integrated into the environment, allowing for permanent cross-ventilation, as well as forced ventilation during the most critical periods of the day and year, beside protection of building fronts by solar-powered devices and shade. The preoccupation with environmental comfort and reutilization of materials in this proposal makes it ideal for bioclimatic construction in the Brazilian Amazon.