Plastic deformation of natural diamonds by twinning: evidence from X-ray diffraction studies

A pink-purple diamond crystal from the Internatsional’naya kimberlite pipe (Siberia) was studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques using an area detector. Direct indexing of the diffraction pattern suggested a primitive hexagonal unit cell [ a hex = 2.513(4), c hex = 6.172(11) A], instead of the well known face-centred cubic unit cell ( a cub ~3.567 A). Theoretical considerations and diffraction pattern simulation showed that the hexagonal diffraction pattern is the result of the superposition of two diffraction patterns with cubic symmetry due to spinel-law twinning along (111). These data are in good agreement with previous analyses of deformation microtwins in natural pink-purple diamonds using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and optical microscopy. The results suggest that natural epigenetic plastic deformation of diamonds occurs not only by dislocation slipping but also as a result of mechanical twinning.