Technology of Rapid and Ultrarapid Static GPS/GLONASS Surveying in Urban Environments

The paper presents the technique for survey and reliable processing of GPS/GLONASS observations in rapid and ultrarapid static surveys conducted in urbanised areas. The described technique of survey allows determination of reliable coordinates even for 1-minute sessions in areas with moderate density of structures hindering satellite signals reception. Data for the tests was recorded on 14 points of survey network during two survey campaigns. Three GPS/GLONASS receivers that were positioned on the special survey base were used for determination of coordinates for each of 14 points. The recorded GNSS observations were divided into 10, 5, 2.5 and 1-minute survey sessions and processed for the purpose of testing the proposed survey method. Based on the conducted surveys and analyses it can be concluded that the presented process of survey and processing of GPS/GLONASS observations allows obtaining reliable coordinates with centimeter accuracy during rapid (5-10 min) and ultrarapid (1-3min) survey static sessions.