Temozolomide for the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma: A Systematic Review

Background. This systematic review examines the role of temozolomide in patients with metastatic melanoma. Outcomes of interest include response rate, progression-free survival, overall survival, quality of life, and adverse effects. Methods. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Librarydatabasesweresearchedfrom1980throughto2005 using variations on the search terms: melanoma, clinical trial, random, temozolomide, temodal, and temodar. The American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting proceedings were searched from 1996 to 2005. Relevant articles and abstracts were selected and reviewed by two reviewers, and the reference lists from these sources were searched for additional trials. Results. Two randomized phase III trials and three randomized phase II trials were located. In addition, 21 phase I or II trials investigating single-agent temozolomide, temozolomide plus interferon-, and temozolomide plus thalidomide were reviewed. A direct comparison of temozolomide and dacarbazine demonstratedequalefficacyforresponseratesandoverallsurvival; however, no significant difference was reported. A second phase III study comparing single-agent temozolomide with temozolomide combined with interferon- indicated a significantly higher response rate for the combination treatment arm, but no difference in overallsurvivalwasnoted.FurtherphaseIIIstudiesare required to confirm whether there is a benefit associated with the combination of temozolomide and interferon- or thalidomide. Conclusion. Our review of the available literature suggests that temozolomide demonstrates comparable activitytothecurrentstandardtreatment,dacarbazine, with the additional benefit of being a convenient oral treatment that penetrates the blood–brain barrier. The Oncologist 2007;12:1114–1123