A Universal Two-Dimensional Direction of Arrival Estimation Method Without Parameter Match

In this paper, based on the subspace method, a novel algorithm, which does not require match procedure, is proposed to estimate 2-D direction of arrival (DOA) with the L-shaped array. The novel train of thought for DOA estimation includes the following two steps: using the 1-D uniform linear subarray (ULSA) along the z axes, obtain the elevation angle estimates based on the polynomial root method and with the elevation angle estimates and using the 2-D ULSA along the x axes, achieve the estimation of the azimuth angles based on the subspace method. Finally, the proposed algorithm is extended to adapt to the more general array structure. The proposed algorithm obtains much higher detection probability of successful pair matching than the existing algorithms. Simulation results illustrate the validity of the proposed algorithm.