Human Stem Cell as Therapeutic Agent for Renal Disorders

Kidney is a highly complex organ which maintains blood pressure, pH and red blood cell count by producing key hormones. Ischemia injury is a common cause of acute renal failure which affects up to 5% of the hospitalized patients. This results in the loss of kidneys function and the patient needs dialysis or a kidney transplant. The renal transplant is a successful treatment but the main disadvantage is the serious shortage of donor organs. Therefore, the use of stem cells for the treatment of kidney diseases represents a critical clinical target. There are four types of stem cells which are used for kidney regeneration: human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), renal adult stem