Identification of breast tissue using the x-ray image measured with an energy-resolved cadmium telluride series detector based on photon-counting technique

We have been developing a new mammography device with a cadmium-telluride series energy-resolved photon-counting X-ray detector. Using a photon-counting technique, we examined the sensitivity of the system for differentiating the composition of breast tissue and detecting breast tumors. To differentiate breast tissues, we prepared surgically resected specimens fixed in formalin, consisting of adipose, mammary-gland, and tumor tissues. In order to obtain the values of certain effective atomic numbers, we prepared phantoms with 0%, 50% and 100% simulated mammary-gland tissue. In our imaging system, the X-ray spectrum penetrating the object was measured using three energy bins, and the products of linear attenuation coefficients and thicknesses for the three bins were calculated. These linear attenuation coefficients were properly corrected for beam hardening and normalized, to ignore the thickness. These calculations were applied for each pixel, and the gravity point per ROI (region of interest) was plotted on scatterplots to examine their distribution. Adiposetissue values were similar to known values; however, mammary-gland values were distant from expected values. In most specimens, the tumor points were focused; however, in some specimens, it was difficult to distinguish between tumor and mammary-gland tissues given their close linear attenuation coefficients. Mammary-gland tissues may have been influenced by formalin, given its tubular structure.