CONTROL OF NONMUSCLE MYOSINS BY PHOSPHORYLATION

OVERVIEW AND PERSPECTIVES 721 MYOSIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 723 The Motor Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723 The Tail Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726 MYOSIN I HEAVY CHAIN PHOSPHORYLATION .. . ... . ... . .. . . .. . . ... .... . .. . . .. .... ... . 728 MYOSIN II LIGHT CHAIN PHOSPHORyLATION 730 Phosphorylation by Myosin Light Chain Kinase. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . 730 Phosphorylation by Protein Kinase C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737 Phosphorylation by Other Kinases . . . . . . ... . . ...... . . . .. 740 Dephosphorylation by Myosin Light Chain Phosphatases ... . . . . . . .... .. . . . .. ... . . .. . .. . . 742 MYOSIN II HEAVY CHAIN PHOSPHORYLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... . . . . . . . . . .. . . ... . 743 Pho�phorylation by Myosin Heavy Chain Kinases . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746 Phosphorylation by Other Kinases ..... ....... ........ ........ .... . ... . . ..... . ........ ..... ... 749 Dephosphorylation by Myosin Heavy Chain Phosphatases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 1 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 75 1