Core Bundles of Technologies to Achieve Deep Energy Retrofit with Major Building Renovation Projects

IEA ECBCS Annex 46 (2014) has identified and analyzed numerous energy efficiency measures (EEMs) that can be used when buildings are retrofitted. Measures include those related to the building envelope, mechanical and lighting systems, energy generation and distribution, internal processes, etc. Implementation of some individual measures (such as building envelope insulation, improved airtightness, cogeneration, etc.) can significantly reduce building heating and cooling loads or minimize energy waste but require significant investments with long paybacks. However, when a limited number of “core technologies” are implemented together (“bundled”), they can significantly reduce energy use for a smaller investment, thereby providing a faster payback.