Stem Cells Transplantation in Premature Ovarian Failure

3 Abstract: Stem cells (SC) are the foundation cells for every organ, tissue and cell in the body. They are undifferentiated "blank" cells that do not yet have a specific function. Under proper conditions, they begin to develop into specialized tissue and organs. They are self-sustaining and can replicate themselves for long periods of time. They have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types in the body. They serves as a sort of repair system for the body, they can theoretically divide without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive. Premature ovarian failure (POF) is the loss of ovarian function in women less than 40 years. It is associated with sex steroid deficiency, amenorrhea, infertility and elevated serum gonadotropins. POF occurs in 1 % of women. In majority of cases the underlying cause is not identified. Management essentially involves hormone replacement and infertility treatment. This work aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Autologous MSC transplantation in women suffering from Premature Ovarian Failure. Ten properly selected patients scheduled for Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) transplantation at Al- Azhar University Hospitals. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) preparation from the bone marrow of the iliac crest was injected in the ovaries by laparscopy. Endometrial fractional biopsy is Immunohistochemically (IH) stained and evaluated according to Edessy stem cells score (ESS). The results indicated that after transplantation one case resumed menstruation after 3 months and 2 cases (20%) showed focal secretory changes after being atrophic endometrium. These cases were of ESS 5 and 6. It could be concluded stem cell transplantation is a promising procedure for cases of POF regarding the clinical, histopathological (HP) and IH outcome. The ESS is a suitable score for evaluating stem cell expression.