Milk Microbiota: A Source of Antimicrobial-Producing Bacteria with Potential Application in Food Safety

Antimicrobial and biocide resistance is a major public health problem today. Therefore, one of the main scientific challenges nowadays is the search for alternatives to these substances. One of these potential alternatives are the bacteriocins. Microbiota are a potential source of bacteriocin-producing bacteria that need to be studied. In this study, a total of 40 samples of human milk and 10 samples of cow milk were collected from healthy individuals and stored at −20 °C until use. Colonies isolated from these samples that showed antimicrobial activity against Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus in the overlaid assays were selected. Well diffusion assays were carried out with the cell-free supernatant (CFS) from these colonies neutralized to pH and inhibition zones were recorded. The activity against eight common bacterial pathogens was evaluated. A total of 32 colonies with potential antimicrobial activity were isolated. The neutralized CFS of 10 strains showed antimicrobial activity against at least one pathogen tested in the well diffusion assays. Eight of the 10 CFS inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. These CFS also showed activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , L. monocytogenes, Clostridium perfringens and Clostridioides difficile. The next steps of the research will be 16s rRNA sequencing to identify the species of isolates and mass spectrometry to determine the antimicrobial product produced by isolation. Finally, this study demonstrated that milk microbiota are a potential source of new producing bacteriocin bacteria that can be used in the formulation of new food products.