Megawatt Power Dual-Frequency Gyrotrons for Modern Fusion Facilities

Nearly 20 years ago demand had arisen in the world practice of plasma investigations with gyrotron usage - to have a source of long-pulse microwave radiation with step-tunable frequency at megawatt-power level. Transparency bands of typical modern 1.8-mm single disc diamond output windows are distant at step of ~35GHz. Attempts to build the reliable broad band output window unit capable to provide long-pulse gyrotron multi-frequency operation with much smaller steps has not succeeded yet. In the same time 10 dual-frequency 140/105GHz long-pulse gyrotrons using single disc diamond window successfully run now at megawatt-power level providing ECRH at ASDEX Upgrade and KSTAR facilities.