The study of nonlinear scattering functions and X-parameters

This paper focuses on the study of nonlinear scattering functions and X-parameters. The relation of scattering functions and X-parameters, which are established on the Polyharmonic Distortion modeling (PHD), is researched first. And then we propose that X-parameters are the first order linear approximation of nonlinear scattering functions. The data for nonlinear scattering functions and X-parameters are extracted successfully by the time-domain extraction system and by the nonlinear vector networks analyzer (NVNA), respectively. Nonlinear scattering functions and X-parameters both accurately describe the behavior of nonlinear microwave device, and they play an important role in the measurement and design of nonlinear microwave circuits.