Impact of magnetron configuration on plasma and film properties of sputtered aluminum nitride thin films

We have investigated the growth of the c-axis oriented aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films on (100) silicon by reactive dc magnetron sputtering at low temperature, considering the effect of the magnet configuration on plasma and film properties. It appears that a magnet modification can significantly modify both the plasma characteristics and the film properties. Electrical and optical characterizations of the plasma phase highlight that depending on the magnet configuration, two very different types of deposition process can be involved in the same deposition chamber. On the one hand, with a balanced magnetron (type 1), the deposition process enhances the production of AlN dimers in the plasma phase and enables to synthesize AlN films with different preferential orientations (100, 002, and even 101). On the other hand, a strongly unbalanced magnetron (type 2) provides a limited production of AlN species in the plasma phase and a strong increase in the ratio of ions to metal atom flux on the growing films. ...