Prediction of chronic renal allograft dysfunction from evaluations of TGFβ1 and the renin-angiotensin system

Background. Growth factors, cytokines, and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are involved in chronic allograft dysfunction. However, it is unclear whether clinical evaluations of TGFΒ1 and the RAS in longterm stable transplant patients can predict the development of chronic allograft dysfunction.