Nanoporous transparent and conducting films and photonic crystals

Herein we present nanoporous transparent and conducting films prepared by sputtering controlled amounts of ITO onto and into the interconnected pores of SiO2 and SnO2 nanoparticle films. The sheet resistance of these nanoporous transparent conducting films made with either SiO2 or SnO2 nanoparticles is less than 103 Ω/□. Furthermore, we demonstrate entirely nanoporous one-dimensional photonic crystals by alternately stacking nanoporous transparent and conducting films made from SiO2 and SnO2 nanoparticles.