Dependence of carbon fragments from methane in strong and ultrastrong elliptically polarized laser fields

We present the ellipticity dependence of the ultrafast photoionization for Cn+ fragments from methane. The study extends from the strong field (C+, C2+) at 1014 W cm−2 to the ultrastrong field (C5+) at 1018 W cm−2. The measurements show that C+ and C2+ ionization have limited sensitivity to the field polarization. As the laser intensity and corresponding degree of ionization increase (C4+, C5+), the dependence on the field polarization increases. Comparison to a semi-classical field ionization model shows that the ellipticity dependence of the relative ion yield for higher charge states comes from the field dependence of tunnelling ionization rather than nonsequential ionization due to rescattering. A movement from a molecule-like response to an atom-like response with the increase in intensity is observed.