Small cell lung cancer (CPC). Second line treatment

INTRODUCTION: Despite their initial chemosensitivity 90% of small cell lung cancers (SCLC) need second line treatment on account of failure to respond to initial treatment, progression after a partial response (PR) or relapse after a complete response (CR). BACKGROUND: The outlook is universally fatal but, with the exception of patients with very poor performance status, second line treatment is indicated because it gives a 70% response rate in patients relapsing after a CR, using the same treatment if the period before relapse is greater than 3 months. The response rate is 20-30% in cases resistant to first line treatment using different drugs such as topotecan, irinotecan, gemcitabine, and lomustine. Thoracic or cranial irradiation is reserved for palliative indications. VIEWPOINT: There is current research aimed at improving quality of life, particularly by using oral treatment. A randomised trial is in progress using a combination of lomustine, cyclophosphamide and etoposide that may lead to comfortable and prolonged survival. CONCLUSION: Further collaborative trials are needed to answer this unresolved question.