When DNA profiling is not enough? A case of same-sex siblings identification by odontological assessment after gas explosion-related building collapse

Abstract We aimed to show the usefulness of odontological assessment in forensic investigation. Charred remains of two female siblings were found in a collapsed building after a gas explosion. Due to thermal damage of the bodies, the facial characteristics, fingerprints, height and weight could not be used to distinguish between siblings. Since the victims, 4 and 10-year-old, died simultaneously and all personal belongings were lost, DNA profiling performed with their parents only confirmed the relationship. As dental charts of siblings were not found, we could not easily discriminate which remains would be of the elder and which of the younger sister. The odontological examination enabled us to discriminate between the siblings based on differences in deciduous and permanent dentition. We conclude that although DNA profiling is becoming a standard method of personal identification in some cases it should be supported by additional methods to deliver comprehensive forensic reports.