Evaluation of Sofia fluorescent immunoassay analyzer for influenza A/B virus

Abstract Background The influenza virus causes seasonal epidemics which are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Rapid diagnostics tests (RDT) are frequently used to make a quick influenza diagnosis to confirm the clinical suspicion, despite their low sensitivity. Objectives Assess the performance of the Sofia Influenza A + B Fluorescence Immunoassay (Quidel, San Diego, CA). Study design Nasopharyngeal swabs, taken from 241 patients (influenza A ( n  = 73)/B ( n  = 72), negative samples ( n  = 96)) were analyzed using the Sofia Influenza A + B Fluorescence Immunoassay, BinaxNOW Influenza A/B antigen kit (Alere Inc., USA), Directigen EZ Flu A and B (Becton Dickinson, USA), real-time RT-PCR and an influenza virus culture. Results There was a significant difference between the performance of rapid antigen tests and the Sofia FIA, when compared to the RT-PCR, in the detection of influenza strain A and B. Indeed, the Sofia FIA displayed sensitivities of 82.2% and 77.8% for strains A and B respectively, whereas sensitivities of BinaxNOW Influenza A/B antigen kit, and Directigen Flu A and B were 54.8%, and 68.5% for influenza A, and 62.5%, and 52.8% for influenza B respectively. The average RT-PCR threshold cycle ( C t ) (±SD) for the Sofia Influenza A + B Fluorescence Immunoassay-positive specimens was higher than those of the BinaxNOW Influenza A/B antigen and the Directigen EZ Flu A and B kit positive specimens. Conclusion Compared to other RDTs, the Sofia Influenza A + B Fluorescence Immunoassay is a sensitive, and rapid method for the detection and discrimination between influenza A and B.