Mogu li biljni pripravci propolisa i ginkga smanjiti hiperreaktivnost trombocita u bolesti COVID-19?

Propolis is flavonoid rich source that has shown numerous beneficial biological effects such as antibacterial, antiviral, antitumoral, antiaggregatory, and hepatoprotective. Ginkgo has been used as a dietary supplement for enhancement of cognitive functions. The aim of this study was assessment of the effect of propolis and ginkgo extracts on primary hemostasis and verify whether the use of a combination of propolis and ginkgo extracts in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases is justified. Commercially available extracts were assessed by impedance aggregometry on the whole blood samples of healthy subjects collected at the Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine. Two aggregation inducers were used: ADP (adenosine diphosphate, weak agonist of platelet aggregation) and TRAP (hexapeptide surrogate of thrombin, strong inducer of platelet aggregation). In an ADP induced aggregation assay, propolis showed an antiaggregatory effect at a concentration of 10 μM. In the same test, the antiplatelet effect of ginkgo extract was absent. In the hexapeptide-induced thrombin mimetic (TRAP) aggregation test, propolis showed an antiplatelet effect at a concentration of 20 μM as well as ginkgo extract. Combinations of propolis and ginkgo in a ratio of 1:25 and 1:50 showed an antiplatelet effect at 20 μM concentrations of extracts. Combination of propolis and ginkgo is justified from a pharmacodynamic aspect, as propolis and ginkgo have different mechanisms of action because they act on different signaling pathways of aggregation.