Release efficiency and selectivity of four different square mesh panel configurations in the Basque mixed bottom trawl fishery

2020 
espanolLa reduccion de descartes en la pesqueria de arrastre del Pais Vasco supone un problema importante. En 2006, se introdujo en la reglamentacion la posibilidad de usar un Panel de Malla Cuadrada (SMP) en la zona anterior al copo para mejorar la selectividad de la red. Sin embargo, estudios recientes manifiestan que la eficiencia de escape de los peces es baja debido a la falta de contacto selectivo entre el pez y el panel. En este estudio, analizamos la eficiencia de diferentes configuraciones del SMP. Se analizo el efecto de luces LED colocadas en distintas posiciones, el efecto del tamano del SMP y su localizacion. Estudiamos la merluza (Merluccius merluccius) y la bacaladilla (Micromesistius poutassou). La posicion de las LED demostro no tener ningun efecto significativo sobre la eficiencia de escape del SMP para ninguna de las dos especies. Sin embargo, aumentar el area del panel tuvo un efecto significativo en la eficiencia de escape de la bacaladilla, mientras que el cambio de posicion del SMP incremento la eficiencia de escape de la merluza a traves del SMP. Estos resultados muestran el reto que supone mejorar la selectividad de un arte de pesca simultaneamente para especies demersales con comportamientos diferentes. EnglishReduction of discards from the Basque mixed bottom trawl fishery is a challenge. To improve the selective properties of the gear used by the fleet and supplement codend size selection, a square mesh panel (SMP) installed in the upper panel of the trawl was introduced in 2006. However, recent studies have shown that the release efficiency of this SMP is low due to lack of contact between the fish and the SMP. In this study, we tested the release efficiency of the SMP for four different gear configurations. We tested the effect of adding LED lights at two different positions and altering panel size and panel position in the trawl. The analyses were focused on two species: hake (Merluccius merluccius) and blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou). The results showed that the position of LED lights did not significantly affect the SMP’s release efficiency for any species. However, increasing panel size had a significant positive effect on the release efficiency of blue whiting, and placing the SMP in the lower panel improved the release efficiency of hake. These results highlight the challenge of simultaneously improving the selective properties of gear for species with different behaviour, especially in mixed demersal fisheries.
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