Identification and characterization of a novel secreted antigen 1 of Babesia microti and evaluation of its potential use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatographic test

Abstract Here, we identified a novel secreted antigen designated as Babesia microti secreted antigen 1 ( Bm SA1) by immunoscreening a B. microti cDNA expression library using the sera from hamsters immunized with plasma, putatively containing secreted antigens, from B. microti -infected hamsters. Antibodies raised in mice immunized with recombinant Bm SA1 (r Bm SA1) recognized a native 33-kDa parasite protein. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of r Bm SA1 detected specific antibodies as early as 6 and 4 days post-infection in sera from a hamster experimentally infected with B. microti Gray strain (US type) and a mouse experimentally infected with B. microti Munich strain (rodent isolate), respectively. Moreover, a rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) using r Bm SA1 detected specific antibodies in a hamster experimentally infected with B. microti from day 6 to at least day 270 post-infection, which was quite consistent with the results of the ELISA. In addition, analysis of the sera involved in the first case of human babesiosis in Japan (Kobe type) showed that specific antibodies were detectable in the patient and the positive donor by ELISA using r Bm SA1, and the ICT result was identical to the ELISA data. Taken together, these results indicated that Bm SA1 could be a promising and universal target for developing both ELISA and ICT for the serodiagnosis of human babesiosis and for an epidemiological survey of its rodent reservoir.