Influence of oxide chemistry of feedstock on cold sprayed Cu coatings

Abstract Pure Cu powders were coated on an Al substrate by cold spray. The characteristics of the coating properties and deposition efficiency were influenced by not only the processing parameters but also the chemistry of the feedstock. The coating pressure and temperature were fixed at 2.4 MPa and 480 °C, respectively. Vacuum annealed powder yielded about 60% of deposition efficiency (DE) and mid-50 Hv hardness. However, after 2 weeks of air exposure at room temperature, DE dropped to about 40%, but the hardness increased to 70 Hv. Furthermore, these properties turned out to be reversibly cycled by simple vacuum annealing and air exposure (aging). From XPS and oxygen determinator data, the cyclic behavior of the coating properties correlated well with the quantity of higher oxidation state in the feedstock. In contrast to previous work, it was found that the surface oxide of the raw materials could not be reduced to insignificant levels by collision among particles during flight in the jet stream of gas. As a consequence, the oxide content determined the amount of re-bounding particles which did not accumulate but rather tamped the surface of the coating, and this in turn affected DE and hardness. Therefore, maintenance of a good and desirable chemistry of feedstock is crucial in cold spray practice.