Fungicidal activity of nine selected conventional fungicides, identified five plant oils and their combined effect against A. solani, the causal pathogen of early blight on tomato. GC-MS analysis of the tested oils indicated that terpene hydrocarbons (97%) with cinnamaldehyde as the major compound; sulfur compounds; fatty acids and organo-sulfur-containing compounds were the main components in cinnamon, garlic, mustard and onion oils, respectively. In vitro, Speedcide® (difenoconazole) and Cabrioduo® (Dimethomorph + Pyraclostrobin) were the most effective against the A. solani fungus with EC50 values of 94.6 and 88.6 ppm respectively. Toledo® (Tebuconzole) achieved EC50 value of 631.2 ppm. Roxyl-M® was significantly more effective than Roxyl–plus® or Remik®. Speedcide® alone or mixed with mandipropamid or azoxystrobin in Revus-Top® or Cruze® were the lowest effective in vitro. Garlic and mustard oils were more effective in liquid media than solid one. Cinnamon, onion, garlic and bitter almond oils caused moderate fungi-toxicity against early blight pathogen and could be implemented in the IPM program. Lower EC50 values were obtained in case of combinations of fungicides with oils than separate treatments. Effect of the active conventional fungicides and plant oils on disease indices, relative disease control, chlorophyll content, sugar contents and poly phenol oxidase in tomato plants was also studied.

Garlic Oil

EC50

Alternaria solani

10.30574/wjarr.2021.10.1.0103

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Citations (1)

Lysophospholipid-mediated alterations in the calcium transport systems of skeletal and cardiac muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (1988)

Indu S. Ambudkar Elsayed A.M. Abdallah Adil E. Shamoo

Cardiac muscle

10.1007/bf00229401

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Citations (25)

Differential effects of paraoxon on the M₃ muscarinic receptor and its effector system in rat submaxillary gland cells

Journal of Biochemical Toxicology (1992)

Elsayed A.M. Abdallah David A. Jett Mohyee E. Eldefrawi Amira T. Eldefrawi

Abstract The effects of the organophosphorus anticholinesterase paraoxon on the binding of radioactive ligands to the M 3 subtype of the muscarinic receptor and receptor‐coupled synthesis of second messengers in intact rat submaxillary gland (SMG) cells were investigated. The binding of [ 3 H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([ 3 H]QNB) was most sensitive to atropine and the M 3 ‐specific antagonist 4‐DAMP followed by pirenzepine and least sensitive to the cardioselective M 2 antagonist AFDX116. This, and the binding characteristics of [ 3 H]4‐DAMP, confirmed that the muscarinic receptors in this preparation are of the M 3 subtype. Activation of these muscarinic receptors by carbamylcholine (CBC) produced both stimulation of phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis and inhibition of cAMP synthesis, suggesting that this receptor subtype couples to both effector systems. Paraoxon (100 μM) reduced B max of [ 3 H]4‐DAMP binding from 27 ± 4 to 13 ± 3 fmol/mg protein with nonsignificant change in affinity, suggesting noncompetitive inhibition of binding by paraoxon. Like the agonist CBC, paraoxon inhibited the forskolininduced cAMP formation in SMG cells with an EC 50 of 200 nM, but paraoxon was > 500 fold more potent than CBC. However, while the inhibition by CBC was counteracted by 2 μM atropine, that by paraoxon was unaffected by up to 100 μM atropine. It suggested that this effect of paraoxon was not via binding to the muscarinic receptor. Paraoxon did not affect β‐adrenoreceptor function in the preparation, since it did not affect the 10 μM isoproterenol‐induced cAMP synthesis, which was inhibited totally by 10 μM propranolol and partially by CBC. Paraoxon had a small but significant effect on CBC‐stimulated PI metabolism in the SMG cells. It is suggested that paraoxon binds to two different sites in these SMG cells. One is an allosteric site on the M 3 muscarinic receptor which affects ligand binding and may modulate receptor function. The other site may be on the G i proteinadenylyl cyclase system, and produces CBC‐like action, that is, inhibition of the forskolin‐stimulated [ 3 H]cAMP synthesis, and is unaffected by atropine inhibition of the muscarinic receptor. This adds to the complexity of paraoxon actions on muscarinic receptors and their effector systems.

Paraoxon

Muscarinic antagonist

10.1002/jbt.2570070210

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Citations (29)

Nematicidal Activity of Chemical and Green Biosynthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Against Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

Alexandria Science Exchange Journal (2022)

Ahmed M. Soliman Elsayed A.M. Abdallah E. S. E. Hafez Ezat A. Kadous Fahmy A. Kassem

Root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are among the most dangerous plant pathogens that attacked many hosts from all types of plants.The root-nematode species; M. incognita is the most widespread species all over the world.Copper (Cu) has been used a lot in various control treatments and in different forms as well.In this research, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were synthesized using two different methods (chemical and green-biological synthesis).Imaging's of NPs were done using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to verify the size of the nanoparticles.The morphological images of chemically synthetized NPs (CCuNPs) showed many NPs size with an average of about 126 ɳm.However, the morphological images of CuNPs that prepared using green biosynthesis (GBCuNPs) showed particles with the average of about 85 ɳm.Three concentrations of 100, 150 and 200 ppm of either CCuNPs or GBCuNPs and the chemical nematicide, Nemaprop ® 10G (as a positive control) were tested, in vitro, against 2 nd stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita.The results of mortality % of J2 exposure to the tested treatments after 24 and 48 hours indicated that the CCuNPs treatments recorded the highest mortality % of J2 after both 24 and 48 hours of exposure followed by that recorded with GBCuNPs treatments, while the lowest mortality % was recorded with Nemaprope ® 10G compared with the check treatment.According to the concentration main effect, the highest reduction percentages were recorded with the 100 and 200 ppm concentrations followed by that recorded with 150 ppm.The interaction between different treatments and its tested concentrations showed significant effective results compared to the check treatment.

Root-knot nematode

10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2022.271961

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Citations (2)