The discovery of biotin and the elucidation of its structure and role in metabolism involved diverse investigations spanning many decades. Isolation of crystalline biotin by Kogl & Tonnis (1936) and determination of its chemical structure and synthesis by Harris et al. (1943) were the highlights of the early history of research into this water-soluble vitamin. Biotin was shown to be cis-hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno (3,4)imidazole-4-valeric acid (Figure 8.1a), with the (+) stereoisomer exhibiting significant biological activity. The role of biotin as the prosthetic group of the biotin-containing carboxylases was recognized in the 1960s. Biotin in most biological material was found to be protein-bound. Biocytin (biotinyl lysine) is released upon enzymatic digestion of biotin-containing proteins. It is cleaved by biotinidase into biotin and lysine (Figure 8.1b).
SummaryThe BAY K 8644 -induced influx of 45Calcium into intracellular compartment of artery segments of normal rats was blocked by pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) as well as by the dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel antagonists (CCA). PLP also decreased bindingin vitroof CCA to membrane preparations from normal vascular tissue. PLP antagonized the ATP -induced positive inotropic effect in isolated perfused normal rat hearts without affecting similar action of isoproterenol. PLP prevented the ATP -induced increase of [Ca2+] i in cardiomyocytes in a concentration-dependent manner and specifically inhibited the specific binding of ATPγS at both high and low affinity sites in cardiac sarcolemmal membranes.
Retinoic Acid: Metabolism, Developmental Functions, and Evolution Joao E. Carvalho and Michael Schubert Serum Retinol-Binding Protein, Obesity, and Insulin Resistance Pangala V. Bhat and Daniel-Constantin Manolescu Retinoic Acid and Immunity Yoshishige Miyabe, Chie Miyabe, and Toshihiro Nanki Vitamin D3 Up-Regulated Protein 1 (VDUP1) and the Immune System Hyun Woo Suh, Hye Young Jung, Young Jun Park, and Inpyo Choi Rapid Pre-Genomic Responses of Vitamin D Tremaine M. Sterling, Ramesh C. Khanal, Yu Meng, Yang Zhang, and Ilka Nemere The Role of Vitamin D in Infectious Processes Russell W. Chesney Vitamin D, Vitamin D Binding Protein, and Cardiovascular Disease Diane Berry and Elina Hypponen Vitamins E and C: Effects on Matrix Components in the Vascular System Jean-Marc Zingg, Mohsen Meydani, and Angelo Azzi Vitamin K and Vascular Calcification Chandrasekar Palaniswamy, Wilbert S. Aronow, Jagadish Khanagavi, and Arunabh Sekhri Therapeutic Effects of Pyridoxamine and Benfotiamine Shyamala Dakshinamurti and Krishnamurti Dakshinamurti Multifaceted Therapeutic Potential of Vitamin B6 Shyamala Dakshinamurti and Krishnamurti Dakshinamurti Non-Prosthetic Group Functions of Biotin Krishnamurti Dakshinamurti Mechanisms of Gene Transcriptional Regulation Through Biotin and Biotin-Binding Proteins in Mammals Janos Zempleni, Dandan Liu, Daniel Camara Teixeira, and Mahendra P. Singh Folate Receptor-Mediated Therapeutics: Folate Receptor- Mediated Particle Systems for Drug and Gene Delivery in Cancer Therapy Yoshie Maitani Vitamin B12 Derivatives and Preferential Targeting of Tumors Evelyne Furger and Eliane Fischer Ascorbic Acid, Binding Proteins, and Pathophysiology F. Rahman and Michael Fontes
Intervention in Obesity & Diabetes The Metabolic Syndrome Diseases – Interventions Using Micronutrients Krishnamurti Dakshinamurti* Faculty of Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Canada *Corresponding author:Krishnamurti Dakshinamurti, Faculty of Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada Submission:February 10, 2020;Published: April 27, 2022 DOI: 10.31031/IOD.2022.05.000625 ISSN 2578-0263Volume5 Issue5
