Desmoplastic infantile gangliogliomas (DIGs) are rare supratentorial, neuroepithelial low-grade brain tumors that arise in the cerebral hemispheres and represent 1.25% of all intracranial tumors in children. They present commonly in the infantile age group within the first 2 years of life and are exceedingly rare in the noninfantile population. Less than sixty cases of this tumor type have been reported in literature. We present here a 9-year-old female child with a huge right frontoparietal DIG with midline shift and mass effect on ventricles. This rare case highlights the remarkable heterogeneous nature of this pediatric tumor and the importance of appropriate immunohistochemical examination for accurate pathologic diagnosis.
Objectives: Early diagnosis and treatment of preinvasive lesions have made cervical cytology one of the most effective methods of cancer screening in industrialized nations, which have seen a sharp decline in the incidence and death of invasive cancer. The aim of this study is to compare liquid-based cytology (LBC) and conventional Pap on cervical smears. Materials and Methods: From July 2018 to June 2022, 600 patients were included in this cross-sectional study, which was done at the Pathology Department of a Tertiary Care Facility in Western Maharashtra. Results: Of the 600 patients, 570 (95%) had good conventional Pap smear (CPS), whereas 30 (5%) had poor ones. Five hundred and ninety-two (98.6%) LBC smears were satisfactory, whereas 8 (1.4%) were unsatisfactory. Endocervical cells were seen in 294 (49%) CPS, whereas 360 (60%) LBC smears showed endocervical cells. The morphology of inflammatory cells was similar in both techniques. Hemorrhagic background was seen in 212 (35%) CPS and 76 (12.6%) LBC smears. Only two samples showed diathetic background, which was seen on both CPS and smear. Out of the satisfactory smears in the case of CPS, 512 (85%) cases were reported as negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), whereas 58 (9.7%) cases were reported as epithelial cell abnormality. In LBC smears, 526 (87.3%) were reported as NILM, whereas 66 (11%) were reported as epithelial cell abnormality. Organisms were detected in 208 (34%) CPS and 162 (27%) LBC smears. Screening time was 5 ± 1 min for CPS, whereas it was 3 ± 1 min for LBC smear. Conclusion: Mortality will be decreased using LBC on a bigger scale in nations where many smears can be made and screened in a short amount of time, with the provision of doing human papillomavirus-based testing on the remaining sample.
Breast Solid Papillary Carcinoma (SPC) is an uncommon malignancy that primarily affects elderly women, with an incidence of 1-2%. It is morphologically characterised by well-defined nodules with low-grade nuclear features, which are associated with fibrovascular cores and neuroendocrine development. Although SPC can be invasive or in-situ, the prognosis is generally quite good. Its morphology can mimic several precancerous conditions, leading to frequent misdiagnosis. Distinguishing this tumour from its various morphological equivalents is more straightforward when an appropriate Immunohistochemistry (IHC) panel is utilised. A 45-year-old woman presented with a retroareolar mass in her right breast. Sono-mammography revealed a firm, incompressible mass with irregular borders, calcifications, cystic changes, and necrosis. A right-side simple mastectomy was performed, and the tumour was diagnosed as triple-negative high-grade SPC of the breast with focal invasion. The tumour’s origin was ruled out, and the diagnosis was confirmed by a prominent histopathologist. This report discusses a case of SPC, emphasising invasion patterns and evaluating previous knowledge.
Pheochromocytomas are rare adrenal medulla tumors originating from chromaffin cells, accounting for 10% of primary adrenal neoplasms. Oncocytic variants of pheochromocytomas are rare and have been reported in only 150 cases. This report describes the case of a 60-year-old female who arrived with a non-functional adrenal tumor. This case report emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive histological and immunohistochemical study for diagnosing this rare diagnostic entity and its potential diagnostic pitfalls.
Introduction: As components of peripheral or secondary lymphoid organs, lymph nodes are an important part of immune system. Their enlargement is noted in a wide spectrum of diseases, including infections and malignancy, they are a common finding in clinical practice. Therefore, peripheral lymphadenopathy is common in all age groups and management of cases depends on lymph node pathology, which can be studied by collecting material through fine-needle aspiration or excision biopsy. Objectives: The study was undertaken to assess the cytomorphological features and incidence of various lymph node diseases on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and to analyze the utility and diagnostic importance of FNAC in lymph node diseases. Materials and Methods: In the study total of 187 patients were selected who had presented with lymph node enlargement at Department of Pathology in our Tertiary Care Centre. Results: Reactive lymphoid lesions comprised the majority (33.69%) followed by tubercular lymphadenitis, metastatic malignancies, acute suppurative lymphadenitis, and lymphomas, respectively. Conclusion: Reactive lymphoid and tubercular lesions were the most common among the lymph node swellings presentations. FNAC is a simple, safe, reliable, and inexpensive method in early detection of lymph node lesions, which has been proven once again in this study.
The term chondroma refers to a slow-growing benign tumor. When the tumor arises from the medullary cavity, it is referred to as enchondroma, which is a very common bone tumor. However, if it arises from soft tissues, which is extremely rare, it is referred to as soft tissue chondroma or extraskeletal chondroma. Extraskeletal chondromas are uncommon; benign soft tissue tumors that mostly originate from hyaline cartilage are unrelated to the periosteum, tendon, or bone. The most common sites include fingers and toes. The frequent presentation is a slow-growing, firm, painless, and occasionally tender soft tissue mass. Morphologically, it exhibits lobular structures of hyaline cartilage, and hence it becomes difficult to differentiate it from low-grade chondrosarcoma, so the alarming sign of differentiation becomes a must. Recurrence is possible if it is incompletely removed. Complete removal with the capsule is a must to avoid recurrence. Immunohistochemistry remains the cornerstone for a definite diagnosis when S100 protein and vimentin show positivity for tumor cells and the proliferation index (Ki67%) is low. In this study, we present a very uncommon case of a 30-year-old patient with soft tissue chondromatosis of the palmer aspect of the index finger and palm.
Objectives: Hyperpigmented lesions are a common presentation in the dermatology outpatient department and causes significant burden on the dermatologist. Though they are harmless and asymptomatic in most cases they are a cause for concern because it can lead to cosmetic deformity which can cause psychological upset in the patients. Rare lesions are often misdiagnosed clinically because of overlapping clinical features. The aim of this study was to diagnose rare hyperpigmented lesions with the help of skin biopsies and correlate he findings clinically.
Methods: All skin biopsies coming to the department of Pathology were processed and stained by routine H&E stain. Special stains were applied whenever required (Ziehl-Nelson, periodic acid Schiff, Congo red).
Results: 56 cases were studied of which 27 rare lesions were diagnosed. All the cases were subjected to analysis according to age, sex, site of lesion, duration of lesion and clinicopathological correlation. 75% of the cases showed histopathological correlation in our study. 25% of the cases did not show concordance.
Conclusion: Hence to conclude histopathological examination of skin biopsies forms the gold standard for the diagnosis of hyperpigmented skin lesions more so in the case of rare lesions as most of them have overlapping clinical features which can be mistaken for common lesions.
A solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPT) is alternatively called a 'Frantz tumor.' It was first named after its discoverer in the year 1959. This tumor has been previously designated as papillary epithelial neoplasm, low-grade papillary neoplasm, and solid and papillary neoplasm of the pancreas. It is a rare pancreatic neoplasm. It typically affects young people and has a female predilection. Its histogenesis is rather debatable. Acinar, endocrine, ductal, and progenitor cells
Introduction:Neonatal septicaemia is one of the major factors contributing to the high perinatal and neonatal mortality and morbidity.The definite diagnosis of septicemia is made by a positive blood culture which requires a minimum period of 48-72 hours and yields a positive result in 30-70% of cases.Hence there is a critical need for laboratory tests that aid in the rapid diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.Objective: To evaluate the neonatal hematological parameters of clinically diagnosed cases of sepsis, as ones which can be used to formulate a scoring system in early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.Design: A diagnostic study conducted at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: This study consists of 100 neonates admitted at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at the Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical Hospital, Pimpri, Pune, who were clinically suspected of sepsis.The neonatal hematological parameters included were total leukocyte count, total neutrophil count, lymphocytes, immature cells, immature to total leukocyte ratio, immature to mature cells ratio, nucleated red blood cells, platelet count, and degenerative cells (toxic granules & dhole bodies).These parameters were evaluated based on the standard reference values given by Rodwell et al and were graded as a) score >5sepsis, score of 3 to 4probable sepsis and c) score of <3 as no sepsis.A blood culture was the standard indicator for proven sepsis.Results: There were 21 out of 100 neonates (21%) who had culture proven sepsis and they were predominantly males and less than one day old.Among the different parameters, the sensitivity of TLC was 100%, increased PMN count showed a sensitivity of 95%.The overall sensitivity of culture positive neonates with a score of more than 5 was 69%, specificity was 76% and disease prevalence was 29%.Conclusion: The sensitivities of the various screening parameters were found to be satisfactory in identifying early onset neonatal sepsis.Hematological scoring system is a simple and feasible diagnostic tool to guide towards the decision-making for a rationale treatment.
'%3e%3ccircle r='20' fill='%23008'/%3e%3ccircle r='17.5' fill='%23fff'/%3e%3ccircle r='3.5' fill='%23008'/%3e%3cg id='d'%3e%3cg id='c'%3e%3cg id='b'%3e%3cg id='a' fill='%23008'%3e%3ccircle r='.875' transform='rotate(7.5 -8.75 133.5)'/%3e%3cpath d='M0 17.5.6 7 0 2l-.6 5L0 17.5z'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(15)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23b' transform='rotate(30)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23c' transform='rotate(60)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' transform='rotate(120)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' transform='rotate(-120)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
