Background: Skin adnexal tumours are a category of rare tumours. They usually present as painless nodules and papules. The diagnosis of these tumours poses a challenge, because there is usually a discrepancy in clinical and histopathological diagnosis.
Aims: To study the skin biopsies received in our department and compare their clinical and histopathological diagnosis.
Material and methods: Prospective study of skin biopsies received in our department over a period of 1 year. The biopsies were processed and stained with haematoxylin and eosin and studied under the light microscope.
Results: Out of the 26 cases studied, 25 were found to be benign tumours with a single case of keratoacanthoma. The most common tumour encountered was pilomatricoma and the least common was syringoma. Only four cases showed clinical correlation with histopathological diagnosis.
Conclusion: It can be therefore concluded that skin adnexal tumours are rare tumours which need histopathological examination for their accurate diagnosis.
Aggressive angiomyxoma is a locally invasive benign mesenchymal tumour usually occurring in women of reproductive age and is rare in children. It carries a high risk of recurrence and hence needs to be differentiated from other masses. The diagnosis is difficult clinically and is almost always histological. Here is a rare case of aggressive angiomyxoma of vulva in a 15 year old female presented with presented with mass in vulva on left side since birth and increased to the present size since 3 years. The swelling was painless, no local rise of temperature, no visible veins. Attained menarche 2 years ago and cycles are regular with normal flow.
Dear Sir, We have read your editorial "Primary Prevention: A Vanishing Art". We strongly believe with the views expressed in the editorial that prevention of the disease before its manifestation has gone into oblivion. Primary preventive measures before disease or injury manifests have taken a backseat and the pandemic has only exaggerated the problem. During the lockdown being at home and leading a sedentary and passive lifestyle has contributed largely to the development of cardiovascular diseases. World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide contributing to 71% of the total number of deaths each year. The highest number of deaths are attributed to cardiovascular diseases (17.9 million deaths annually) followed by, cancers (9.0 million), respiratory diseases (3.9 million), and diabetes (1.6 million).[1] Nevertheless, the term NCDs cover a wide range of health problems, including trauma, mental disorders, disabilities, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, tobacco, alcohol, and anabolic steroid misuse. Most of these diseases are preventable as they eventually progress in early life due to lifestyle aspects.[2] Historically, many NCDs have been directly linked to economic growth and were called "diseases of the rich." Apart from anti-obesity medications and polypill-containing combinations, anabolic steroids which are being consumed by young adults to increase stamina and muscle mass are also contributing to threatening outcomes. Androgen Anabolic Steroids (AAS), a synthetic derivative of testosterone are frequently consumed by bodybuilders, weightlifters, and athletes as a magic drug to increase their performance.[3] No doubt steroids have many good indications, but their overuse leads to serious consequences and sometimes even death.[4] Dyslipidemia and reduction in antioxidant levels are reported as possible mechanisms for the multiple effects on the cardiovascular system. Taking abnormal doses of AAS affects the heart structurally as well as functionally.[5] Noncommunicable diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality which can be prevented to a large extent by lifestyle modifications and monitored drug consumption.[6] Changes in the environment and a better understanding of health needs in both urban and rural areas can contribute substantially to primary prevention. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.
Aim: Fine needle aspiration cytology is an essential diagnostic tool for preoperative diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Due to overlapping cytological features and heterogenecity of the lesions, a universal classification system was proposed, known as the “Milan System of Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC). This system helps clinicians to plan further diagnosis and management according to the risk of malignancy (ROM) in different categories. Therefore, the aim was to stratify the lesions according to the system and calculate the risk of malignancy.
Study Design: Retrospective and prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, between August 2016 and July 2021.
Methodology: A five year study was conducted on 100 cases. FNAC was performed and correlation to histopathological aspects of resected and/or biopsied lesions were carried out in which tissue specimens were available. The cytological diagnosis was re-evaluated as follows: Category 1: Non‑diagnostic (ND), Category 2: Non‑neoplastic (NN), Category 3: Atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), Category 4a: Neoplasm: Benign (NB),Category 4b: Neoplasm: Salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP),Category 5: Suspicious of malignancy (SM) and Category 6: Malignant (M).
Results: Total 100 cases were studied. Histopathology reassessment was available in 38 cases. Case distribution in various categories were ND (0%), NN(36%), AUS(3%), NB(54%), SUMP(1%), SM(3%) and M(3%). Overall ROM reported were 0%, 11.11%, 100%, 0%, 100%, 100% and 100% respectively for each category. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the study was 94.74%, 75%, 100%, 100% and 100% respectively.
Conclusion: The Milan system is an universal 6-tier reporting system of lesions of salivary gland that helps with risk assessment and guides the clinicians for appropriate treatment.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relative frequency and distribution of different salivary gland lesions on Fine needle aspiration cytology, to study histopathological correlation and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and efficacy of this procedure in diagnosing the lesions. Materials and Methods: A five year study was performed on salivary gland swellings in a tertiary health care center. Fine needle aspiration cytology was done and smears were stained with Leishman, Hematoxylin and eosin stains. Histopathology was done wherever possible. Cytological and histopathological correlation was done and results were statistically analyzed. Results: 100 cases were studied. Lesions were categorized into non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Chronic sialadenitis was the most common non- neoplastic lesion and Pleomorphic Adenoma was the commonest benign lesion. Malignant lesions reported were Adenoid Cystic carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma and three cases were interpreted as positive for malignancy.38 cases were available for histopathology, out of which 34 showed positive correlation. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the present study is 94.74%, 75%, 100%, 100% and 100% respectively. Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a rapid, cost-effective and safe mode of investigation for the primary categorization of salivary gland lesions into inflammatory, benign and malignant lesions. The high diagnostic accuracy and low false positive and false negative diagnosis suggests that it can be used as a first line diagnostic procedure in the evaluation of patients with various salivary gland lesions. However, histopathological diagnosis still remains the gold standard.
Solid cystic tumor of the pancreas (SCPT), also known as Frantz tumor is a rare pancreatic tumor with an incidence less than 2% of all non-endocrine pancreatic tumors. Young women are more often affected than men. We report the case of a 28-year-old female who presented with vague abdominal pain of two-month duration. Ultrasonography (USG) and computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a large cystic mass which was seen to be arising from the tail of the pancreas and attached to the mesentery. Distal pancreatectomy was done, which on histopathological examination was diagnosed as SCPT. Due to its rareness and behavior, this tumor is often associated with diagnostic and management problems.
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