Most traders instinctively know that what happens in one market influences prices in other markets. The challenge in intermarket analysis is quantifying these relationships. Enter neural networks, which can sift through price data and chart patterns to find which markets most influence a target market and the degree to which this influence affects price action in a constantly shifting environment. TOPICS:Exchanges/markets/clearinghouses, big data/machine learning
Sarcoidosis is, from historical data, suggested to be more prevalent among patients with tattoo reactions. We aimed to evaluate this association in a systematic study.This is a consecutive study of patients with tattoo complications, diagnosed in the "Tattoo Clinic" at Bispebjerg University Hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark, from 2008 to 2015, based on clinical assessment and histology. From the overall group of 494 tattoo complications in 406 patients, 92 reactions in 72 patients showed a papulo-nodular pattern studied for local and systemic sarcoidosis, since sarcoidosis is expected to be nodular.Of the 92 reactions with a papulo-nodular pattern, 27 (29%) reactions in 19 patients were diagnosed as cutaneous or systemic sarcoidosis, supported by histology; 65 (71%) were diagnosed as non-sarcoidosis due to histology and no clinical sarcoid manifestations. "Rush phenomenon" with concomitant reaction in many other black tattoos, triggered by a recent tattoo with a papulo-nodular reaction, was observed in 70% in the sarcoidosis group and 28% in the non-sarcoidosis group, indicating a predisposing factor which may be autoimmune and linked with sarcoidosis. Agglomerates of black pigment forming foreign bodies may in the predisposed individual trigger widespread reaction in the skin and internal organs.Black tattoos with papulo-nodular reactions should be seen as markers of sarcoidosis. Papulo-nodular reactions may, as triggers, induce widespread reactions in other black tattoos - a "rush phenomenon" - depending on individual predisposition. Sarcoidosis is estimated to be 500-fold increased in papulo-nodular reactions compared to the prevalence in the general population, and the association with black tattoos is strong.
ABSTRACT Increases in serum triglycerides, cholesterol and pre-β- and β-lipoproteins have been considered as significant pathogenic factors regarding the possible thrombotic side-effect of treatment with oral contraceptives of the combined type containing synthetic oestrogen. With the purpose of investigating the influence of natural oestrogen (oestradiol-17β + oestriol/norethisterone acetate) versus synthetic oestrogen (ethinyloestradiol/norethisterone acetate) on serum lipids and lipoproteins in young women compared to independent and individual controls, as controlled double-blind investigation was performed in 33 women in a total material and 18 women in a selected group. The significant changes were as follows: quantitative increases in serum triglycerides ( P < 0.001) and β-lipoproteins ( P < 0.01) during treatment with synthetic oestrogen, while in contrast no such change was observed in subjects on natural oestrogen, which was found to decrease serum cholesterol ( P < 0.05), phospholipids ( P < 0.05) and α-lipoprotein ( P < 0.05). Quantitative estimation of serum lipoproteins was found to be more valuable than the relative estimation by electrophoresis. It is concluded that oral contraceptives containing natural oestrogens induce less significant and, qualitatively, more benign changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins than preparations containing synthetic oestrogen do.
The boom in tattooing has been paralleled by more frequent adverse events, which may be localised in the skin or systemic and manifested clinically or latent. Infections, allergic reactions from red-coloured tattoos and papulo-nodular reactions from black tattoos dominate. Mild complaints are very common, with 1/5 of all tattooed individuals having acquired sensitivity to sunlight in the tattooed skin. The potential risk of cancer due to potential carcinogens in some tattoo inks has hitherto not manifested in clinical reports, despite the millions of people who have been tattooed over many decades. A risk of death from tattooing remains associated with severe infection, i.e. sepsis. Preventive strategies may rely on focused preventions, and sterility and preservation of ink is essential, rational and knowledge-based. The chemical and particle contents of ink nanoparticles cannot be unrestricted; however, focused control of ink is facing many uncertainties, including analytical problems, lack of identification of allergens in ink and discrepancies between the content of potential carcinogens and manifestation of cancer in the clinic. The concept of seamless prevention is introduced as a pragmatic strategy that emphasises the customer-tattooist interaction, which is the 'engine' of tattoo safety. This strategy amalgamates the range of narrow-scope preventive instruments and shall ensure that any relevant instrument is used actively and without deficiency or drop out, thus resulting in a complete orchestration of a multi-targeted strategy. High-priority elements of this strategy shall facilitate a qualified 'go' or 'no go' decision by the customer before the tattoo is made and should involve informed consent, qualification of the tattooist and the parlour, including supplies of inks etc., and attention to hygienic security. Records and documentation of tattoo cases with complications and the culprit inks as well as the establishment of national or European-based surveillance systems that are properly equipped to deliver efficient clarification and handling of adverse events and hazards of tattooing and inks, which needs attention and timely action to prevent additional cases and epidemic outbreaks, are part of this seamless strategy, along with optimised medical therapy and research.
Background/aims: To study whether anatomical location and age and gender of subjects had any influence on the objective skin colour measurements. Methods: Baseline colour in prone position was measured with the Minolta ChromaMeter® in the upper, middle and lower level of the upper back and on the forearm of 168 volunteers. These two sites are commonly used in skin testing. Results and conclusions: Higher basal a* and lower basal L * levels were found on the upper scapular region compared to the lower scapular region and the subscapular region. The basal b * level showed no variation relative to site. The basal a* and the basal b * levels were lower on the forearm compared to the upper back while the basal L * level was higher. Females above 65 years showed a less coloured skin with lower values as compared to those of younger age. Females were found to have a generally lower basal a* level than males both on the upper back and forearm skin. These relatively major differences and sources of variation have to be considered when planning irritancy studies where colour differences between erythema and normal skin is used.
Normal microcirculation of the lower extremity is characterized by the venoarteriolar vasoconstriction reflex and the disappearance of vasomotion in the dependent position. Patients with sickle cell disease are prone to develop ischemic leg ulcers at an early age. Dysfunction of the microcirculation might promote the development of leg ulcers in patients with sickle cell disease. Using laser Doppler equipment we have studied the changes of blood flux in the skin overlying the medial malleolus after leg lowering. Contrary to the normal physiological situation seen in our control persons, the venoarteriolar reflex was abolished and vasomotion preserved in the dependent position of the leg in both patients. We conclude that this may represent an adaptation to the dependent position in sickle cell disease.
In 10 patients with chronic plaque type psoriasis one or two plaques affected equally with psoriasis were chosen for study. Five punched out rings of a hydrocolloid dressing were applied to the psoriasis plaque(s). In each circular test area 20 mg of one of the following creams was applied: base, 1% hydrocortisone (DAK), 0·1% triamcinolone acetonide (Kenalogue®), 0·1%, betamethasone‐17‐valerate cream (Betnovate®), and 0·05% clobetasol proprionate cream (Dermovate®). The areas were occluded with a thin Him of transparent hydrocolloid dressing (Comfeel® P Transparent Dressing), for 1 week. Non‐invasive measurements (ultrasound skin thickness, laser‐Doppler flowmetry, colorimetry) were performed before and after treatment. Therapeutic response was evaluated blindly by clinical score. The measurements showed a decline in blood How, a decrease in skin thickness, and normalization of colour approaching that of normal skin, the more potent the corticosteroid used. The clinical scores showed the same: the more potent a corticosteroid used, the closer to the score of normal skin. Data on variability and applications of the methods are presented. The study concludes that potent corticosteroids occluded with a hydrocolloid dressing can clear psoriasis in 1 week. Short‐course corticosteroid therapy appears harmless and relevant for clinical dermatology.
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