With the development of human economy the problem of environmental protection has become increasingly serious, which is related to the sustainability of development. Although GDP can effectively reflect the development level of a country, it can not measure the utilization of natural resources. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a new calculation standard to combine economic development with environmental protection, and the model of GGDP was born. First of all, we choose a model developed according to The System Of National Accounts (SNA) and including four dimensions from the existing GGDP calculation models. There are 8 first-class indicators in the four dimensions, which are calculated by 19 factors. After the values of the four dimensions are calculated separately, we can get the GGDP values of a series of countries. Secondly, we choose the GGDP of 5 countries from 2000 to 2014 as independent variables, and the global carbon dioxide emissions as dependent variables, and establish a stepwise regression model. We find that the GGDP of China and Canada is positively correlated with global carbon dioxide emissions, while that of other countries is negatively correlated. Then, through the intuitive comparison between GGDP and GDP in countries, combined with the correlation degree between in stepwise regression model, we get the feasibility of replacing GDP with GGDP. Through systematic cluster analysis, the GGDP of 29 countries is divided into three categories, and the rank is different from the world ranking of GDP, can measure the advantage of environmental protection. By analyzing the calculation method of GGDP and the model, we can find the disadvantage of GGDP. After that, we select Japan to further analyze the results of using GGDP instead of GDP. Among the 29 countries, Japan ranks first in GGDP. Through the GGDP calculation, except GDP, NRD has the greatest influence on the reduction of GGDP. Therefore, Japan can improve by adjusting the secondary indicators under NRD. In recent years, the achievement of Japan's sustainable development goals is gradually declining, so it is beneficial to implement GGDP. Finally, according to the current economic and ecological situation of Japan, combined with the calculation method and model of GGDP selected in this paper, we prepared a convincing report to support the implementation of GGDP in Japan.
The paper focuses on studying a new problem in enterprise data integration, i.e. attribute correspondences identification in multilingual schemas, and proposes a multilingual ontology-based method for the problem. In this paper, the problem is analyzed through comparing two schemas of a large financial corporate of China. And based on the multilingual ontology, attribute correspondences are identified in multilingual schemas. Moreover, a computer-aided system to deal with the problem according to the method is given. A prototype has been implemented, which shows its effectiveness in practice.
Data integration has been a long-standing challenge for the database study communities, and construction global schemas is one of the most important problems in data integration research. This paper first analyzes the semantic relationships of schema elements, and based on those semantic relationships of schema elements, it proposes a method to schema merging with the results of schema matching. Different from previous methods, it extracts schemas from data dictionaries of data sources directly. Moreover, rules of schema elements merging are given corresponding to their semantic relationships. By using data dictionaries, not conceptual models, the method is more applicable and effective than the previous ones.
In this paper, we focus on a new problem in database integration---attribute correspondence identification in multilingual schemas, and give a rule-based method for the problem. Attribute correspondence identification in multilingual schemas involves the study of integrating schemas, designed in various languages, and returns the correspondences among those schemas. We first analyze the problem through two schemas of a large financial corporate of China. Based on the relationships of the attribute names of the schemas, a method of name-based attribute correspondence identification is proposed. And we give a computer-aided system to deal with the problem according to the method. The components and identifying procedure of the method have been discussed in detail in the paper. We have implemented a prototype, and the tool shows its effectiveness in application.
A fundamental problem in schema integration is attribute correspondences identification. This paper studies a problem of identifying indirect attribute correspondences in multilingual schemas. As far as we know, previous researches of schema integration mainly attempted to solve schema matching in monolingual schemas, neglecting schema matching in multilingual schemas. In this paper, through analyzing two schemas of a large financial corporate of China, we discover relationship of the attributes between the given multilingual schemas. And with domain ontology, indirect attribute correspondences are identified in multilingual schemas. The method extends the abilities of our previous work, and can deal with directional as well as indirect attribute correspondence identification in multilingual schemas. Moreover, a computer-aided system to deal with the problem with the method is provided, which shows its effectiveness in practice
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