Der Begriff der Nachhaltigkeit ist zum Leitbegriff der internationalen Umweltpolitik geworden. Seine Kernbedeutung liegt aus Sicht der hier vorgelegten Theorie in der langfristigen, okologisch vertraglichen Nutzung kritischer Bestande von Naturkapital. Die Autoren gehen davon aus, dass es moglich ist, eine Nachhaltigkeitstheorie zu entwickeln. Zur Begrundung dieser These wird ein Ebenenmodell vorgestellt, das als Grundlage der Theorie angesehen werden kann. Danach werden im Lichte vorliegender Gerechtigkeitstheorien Verpflichtungen gegenuber zukunftigen Generationen begrundet, die sich an einem egalitar-komparativen Standard orientieren. In einem zweiten Schritt geht es um eine diskursrationale Wahl zwischen konkurrierenden Konzepten von Nachhaltigkeit. Im Anschluss an eine umfassende Sichtung der einschlagigen Argumente erfolgt ein Gesamturteil zugunsten „starker Nachhaltigkeit“. Da in der neoklassischen Umweltokonomik und auch in der Okologischen Okonomie eine Analyse der Probleme fehlt, die eine Ubertragung des Kapitalbegriffs auf die belebte Natur macht, wird ein Vorschlag zum Verstandnis von Naturkapital entwickelt. In den politisch-praktischen Kapiteln kann gezeigt werden, dass es eine Reihe von in sich schlussigen Programmen gibt, wie die Erhaltung von Naturkapital mit Schutz und Nutzung naturlicher Ressourcen in Einklang zu bringen ist. Anhand der Praxisfelder des Naturschutzes, der Landwirtschaft, der Fischerei und der Klimapolitik wird mit Blick auf politische Prozesse dargelegt, wie eine Umsetzung des gewahlten Konzeptes erfolgreich und effizient durchgefuhrt werden konnte.
Abstract Despite regular reforms, problems under the EU 's Common Fisheries Policy ( CFP ) persist. In order to identify priorities for future reforms of the policy, we developed an analytical framework consisting of 17 criteria and specifying indicators, derived from scientific, wider fisheries, and common resources literature. We applied the framework to the CFP governance system, its regulations, institutions, and processes at EU as well as member state level. The results show that the CFP does not fully meet any of the 17 criteria for an effective resource policy. Its performance was assessed as “neutral” regarding 10 criteria and “negative” regarding seven criteria. Trend analysis shows that there is a slightly positive trend regarding the CFP 's performance, with five criteria trending positively, 11 showing a neutral trend and only one criterion trending negatively (simplicity of rules). The analysis identified five criteria which are performing badly and have not improved over time: simplicity of rules, user‐pays principle, resource efficiency, accountability, and compliance mechanisms. Future reforms of the CFP should first and foremost address these criteria while continuing efforts to improve the CFP 's performance regarding other criteria. The evaluation of the CFP demonstrates the applicability of the analytical framework which can also be applied to other multilevel fisheries governance systems. Moreover, the results can inform reforms of Regional Fisheries Management Organisations. Like the CFP , these institutions manage transboundary fisheries and have not effectively addressed the issues of resource rent capture and resource efficiency.
Commission Decision of 25 February 2016 setting up a Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries, C(2016) 1084, OJ C 74, 26.2.2016, p. 4–10. The Commission may consult the group on any matter relating to marine and fisheries biology, fishing gear technology, fisheries economics, fisheries governance, ecosystem effects of fisheries, aquaculture or similar disciplines. This report evaluates the economic performance of the EU aquaculture industry during the period 2008-2016. Even if aquaculture production has been stagnant, the turnover and economic performance indicators have increased over time. The EU aquaculture sector reached 1.4 million tonnes in sales volume and €4.9 billion in sales value, in 2016.
Commission Decision of 25 February 2016 setting up a Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries, C(2016) 1084, OJ C 74, 26.2.2016, p. 4–10. The Commission may consult the group on any matter relating to marine and fisheries biology, fishing gear technology, fisheries economics, fisheries governance, ecosystem effects of fisheries, aquaculture or similar disciplines. This reporte valuates the performance of technical measures to conserve fishery resources and protect marine ecosystems in accordance with Article 31 of Regulation (EU) 1241/201.
There is growing interest in bio-economic models as tools for understanding pathways of fishery behaviour, in order to assess the impact on natural resources. Based on ‘FishRent’, a modelling approach is presented that integrates economics of the fleet, the impact of fishing on stock development and their spatio-temporal interplay. The simulation of species seasonal movements in combination with both observed values and stochastic recruitment allowed analysing the economic response of fleet segments to changes in stock distribution and development. Optimisation of net profits determines the effort adjustment and spatial allocation of fleet segments, which in turn affects the level of catch rates. Effort tended to concentrate where fish abundance was high, but also where fishing costs were low. In simulations with the current management plan spawning stock of North Sea saithe (Pollachius virens) declined below its precautionary reference point. In response fishing far from home ports became expensive and 40% of the initial effort was shifted to areas closer to home ports, but as areas of high fish concentrations were located by the modelled fleet segments catch rates remained high. Changes in seasonal/annual stock distribution, the stock decline and costs influenced the change in fishing effort distributions leading to overestimated catch per unit of effort values that masked the decline of stock abundance.
The Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF) has been established by the European Commission. The STECF is being consulted at regular intervals on matters pertaining to the conservation and management of living aquatic resources, including biological, economic, environmental, social and technical considerations.