Small-Scale Fisheries in Germany: A Disappearing Profession?
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Baltic sea
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The performance of the "Gulf fisheye" bycatch reduction device (BRD) was evaluated on two vessels during inshore shrimp fishing operations in the northern Gulf of Mexico by comparing catch rates with control nets in twin-trawl configurations using typical inshore nets with 7.6-m headropes. The BRD produced substantial reductions in finfish bycatch with no shrimp (Penaeus spp.) loss in three of the four evaluations. Proper installation of the BRD in the net is critical in maximizing bycatch reduction and preserving the shrimp catch. For the inshore fishery in the northern Gulf of Mexico, the recommended distance to install the "fisheye" BRD in front of the bag tie on 7.6-m headrope shrimp trawls is 2.6 m. Because no shrimp loss attributed to the BRD was noted during all four evaluations in this study, the results suggest that the Gulf fisheye BRD could be used effectively year-round in the northern Gulf inshore fishery and not just when finfish are overly abundant on the shrimp fishing grounds.
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Abstract Sparrevohn, C. R., and Storr-Paulsen, M. 2012. Using interview-based recall surveys to estimate cod Gadus morhua and eel Anguilla anguilla harvest in Danish recreational fishing. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 323–330. Marine recreational fishing is a popular outdoor activity in Denmark, practised by both anglers and passive gear fishers. However, the impact on the targeted stocks is unknown, so to estimate the 2009 harvest of cod Gadus morhua and eel Anguilla anguilla, two separate interview-based surveys were initiated and carried out in 2009/2010. The first recall survey exclusively targeted fishers who had been issued with the mandatory Danish fishing licence. The second survey was designed to identify those who fish without a licence. It was estimated that 1231 t of cod were harvested in 2009, corresponding to 4.8% of the entire Danish cod yield (recreational harvest + commercial landings). Area differences were found, and, in certain areas, the recreational harvest of cod accounted for more than 30% of the total yield. The majority (81%) of the recreational cod harvest was taken by anglers. Eels, however, are almost exclusively caught with passive gear (fykenets) and a total of 104 t year−1 was harvested, which corresponds to 19% of the entire Danish eel yield. The inclusion of the harvest taken by fishers without a valid licence was important and added almost 20% to the estimated harvest.
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Since 1928 and over the history of German fishing for brown shrimp (Crangon crangon L.), several investigations have been made examining the by-catch of this small-meshed fishery. By-catch of commercially valuable fish, particularly flatfish species, has always been a matter of concern. The amount of by-catch comprising fish and invertebrates may actually be high, but figures discussed in public are biased by including discarded undersized shrimp, the target species, and dead material. Many changes in the equipment and practices of the fishery have occurred through the decades. As a result, the overall balance between consumption shrimp, by-catch and undersized shrimp has changed in a positive sense. Those fish still taken as by-catch despite the use of more selective trawls are often discarded and no longer landed for reduction purposes, leaving a chance to survive. Their species spectrum is largely stable over time. In this paper, detailed considerations are made in the particular case of North Sea plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.), which are abundant in the by-catch and is a commercially important species. Any large numbers discarded must be regarded in the light of high numbers of offspring, the large discards of the flatfish fishery and the high natural mortality of juvenile plaice. From that the conclusion is drawn, that the German shrimp fishery meets criteria of sustainability in respect to the target species and by-catch situation.
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