Abstract The effect of gas sparger type, clear liquid height, liquid viscosity and addition of electrolyte on fractional gas hold‐up in a 0.38 m i.d. sectionalised bubble column (SBC) was studied for superficial gas velocities ranging from 0.03 to 0.15 m s −1 . A study of the wall side solid–liquid mass transfer coefficient, k SL , has been made by considering the dissolution of copper in acidic dichromate solutions. The variation of k SL with axial distance in a section for different gas velocities has been explained. A comparison between the performance of sectionalised bubble columns and conventional bubble columns has been presented. In some cases, the SBC may prove to be superior to bubble columns in practice.
Emotions are the accelerators of human intellect and innovation and creativity, so the ability to recognize emotions is in high demand. Real-time hardware has hurdles of Noise and hardware factors as compared to simulations. An electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor (AD8232), a temperature sensor (LM35), and a signal processing circuit is hardware of the proposed real-time emotion identification. The RR intervals are calculated from the ECG data. Emotions prediction using machine learning makes use of RR intervals and body temperature as features. One of the four emotions (namely 1. Happy 2. Stressed 3. Neutral 4. Sad.) is visualized at the serial port of the processor by using WESAD benchmark dataset and the HRV, serial, and pickle libraries.This article's innovation factors are (1) Use of ECG for emotion detection rather than disease detection with Emotion induction method, RR interval capturing and design of RR interval GUI for real time capture of temperature and ECG (2) Display of current emotion on Arduino serial port. (3) Measurement of Class performance using F1 score, macro average, and weighted average instead of general term accuracy. (4) Use of the probability based Navies Bayes as compared to traditional KNN, SVM, Random Forest nethods (5) Class wise performance for example Navies Bayes' specificity or accuracy is lower than SVM's (0.96), but its recall or sensitivity is higher (0.97) vs. (0.94) for stress.In this article, we presented performance parameters in terms of interactive computations, tabular form and graphical display.
Barium sulfate has been used as an adsorbent in the TLC of a series of commercial direct, acid, basic, reactive, and 1 :2 metal-complex dyes and their mixtures. Suitable eluent systems are suggested.
A simple, rapid, selective and sensitive RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of triflusal.The method was carried out using 5-µm particle size, C18-bonded silica column, quaternary pump and acetonitrile: 1 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (65:35 v/v) pH 3 as the mobile phase with UV detection at 226 nm.The proposed method is advantageous as it follows isocratic elution in short run time (10 min).The result obtained shown that the method best fits for estimation of drug in capsule formulation and thus can be used for its routine analysis.The newly developed method was validated according to the ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness.
Abstract Hydrodynamics and effective interfacial area in a 25 mm i.d. packed tube column were studied over a wide range of operating conditions for demister pad packings (DPP). Flow maps have been prepared. Values of effective interfacial area as high as 1880 m −1 in the spray flow regime were obtained. Data on pressure drop and effective interfacial area have been correlated for different flow regimes. Values of liquid side volumetric mass transfer coefficient, k L a , were measured by absorption and desorption of oxygen in different packed tube columns containing Pall rings (standard and low height to dia. ratio), multifilament wire gauge packings (MFWGP) and DPP. k L a was found to vary from 0.017 to 0.34 s −1 for DPP. Values of wall side solid‐liquid mass transfer coefficient, k SL , were obtained in a 25 mm i.d. copper tube column packed with MFWGP by the dissolution of copper in acidic dichromate solutions. Values of wall side heat transfer coefficient could be obtained by analogy.
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