Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from 20 years abandoned mine site of Itagunmodi Atakunmosa West, Ilesha, Nigeria.Atomic absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) revealed Fe, Mn, Cr, Zn, Pb and Cr, while, Fe has the highest concentration range of 29-289 ppm in the analysed soil samples.Soil samples were enriched in R2b agar, serially diluted and pour plated.Four bacteria strains were isolated and identified using standard biochemical test.After routine biosurfactant screening by oil spreading and emulsification test, biosurfactant producing bacteria was confirmed as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The partially purified biosurfactants were characterized with TLC and GC-MS analysis.The analyses indicated glycolipid biosurfactant specifically designated as Rhamnolipid-sa1 containing isopalmitic acid, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester and hydroxylated fatty acid linked to decanoic acids.Iron removal potential of the extracted biosurfactant was studied and the result revealed that Rhamnolipid-sa1 effectively reduced iron (60.34%) and could be useful as alternative remediation tool for treatment of iron contaminated soil.
Objective: Phytochemical compositions of Moringa oleifera leaf are believed to be a major contributing factor to its antibacterial activities. The present study investigated the phytochemical compositions and antibacterial effects of crude extract of leaf of Moringa oleifera on bacterial isolates from well water at Iworoko-Ekiti, Nigeria Methods: Phytochemical compositions and antibacterial effects of crude leaf extracts of M. oleifera on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherischia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus . (Bacterial isolates from well water) were investigated using the agar diffusion method. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were initially accomplished using standard methods. Results: Phytochemical screenings of the M. oleifera leaf ethanol-extracts revealed the presence of phytochemical compounds. Alkaloid, Saponin, Flavonoids, Steroids and Cardiac glycosides were present while Phlobatanins and Anthraquinnones were absent. Antibacterial activities of M. oleifera increased as the concentration increased. The most susceptible pathogens at the concentration of 125 mg/ml were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with zone of inhibitions of 10±0.00 and 10.0±0.58 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged between 25-100mg/m. Conclusions: The leaf extract of M. oleifera is a potent antibacterial agent. Its activity is dose dependent and could be linked to the presence of secondary metabolites.
Water body is inevitable for its advantages of biodegradability and biocompatibility. Therefore, hypersaline water bacteria from Lagos, Nigeria were scrutinized for glucose induced PHA production at three locations of 6.35á´¼ N 3.28á´¼ E (St1); 6.35á´¼ N 3.40á´¼ E (St2); and 6.36á´¼ N 3.47á´¼ E (St3) and from three different depths of 0-7cm, 50m and 100m below water surface. Bacterial isolation and 16S rDNA molecular identification including their PHA potential and yields were carried out with standard microbiological methods. Identified bacterial isolates with their similarities are Achromobacter agilis strain E2B (74.18% similar), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strainsJL11 (85.68% similar), nine (9) Alcaligenes faecalisstrains (85.34-97.58 % similarities) and Alcaligenes spp are three (3), Azospirillum brasilense (95.27% similar); thirteen (13) Bacillus spp (88.44%-100% similarities) but, three (3) B.anthracisstrains (95.19-98.28% similarities), and seven (7) B. cereusstrains (95.15%-96.51% similarities). While, Enterobacter cloacae strain IARI-SL-41 (90.37% similar), Falsochrobactrum ovis strain B1315 (93.38% similar), Lysinibacillus fusiformis strain 28XG99 (97.04% similar), two (2) Ochrobactrum spp. (83.45%-91.74% similarities), Providencia stuartii strain AR_0026 (94.34% similar), three (3) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (95.39%-97.16% similarities) and two (2) Pseudomonas spp., Streptococcus agalactiae strain Neha2 (95.32% similar), Vagococcus fluvialis strain AWW1 (90.38% similar). PHA producing potential for the bacterial isolates is 62.6% (n=190) while, the percentage of PHA producers from 2 % glucose induction is 31.1% (n=119). However, the maximum PHA yield of 1.2630±0.0170 gL-1 from this research is obtained from Alcaligenesfaecalis strain N1-4. However, 7 (3.7%) bacteria from this study yields double and above (≥ 1.0 gL-1) quantity when compared to the standard PHA (crotonic acid) when induced by 2% glucose. the results obtained from this research indicates the need for further work on investigating the best carbon source for Alcaligenesfaecalis strain N1-4 optimum yield because of the PHA beneficial and importance in the applications of medicine, engineering, agriculture, entertainment and other household utilities.
The liver serves a vital function in human system. It has the primary metabolic function of regulating the blood concentration of most metabolites, particularly glu cose and amino acids. Its characteristic structure and organization enable it to perform vital roles in regulating, synthesizi ng, storing, secreting, transforming and breaking d own of different substances in the body. The hepatoprotective effect of ethanol leaf extract of Cnestis ferruginea was evaluated by administering oral dose of 400-2000 mg/kg to twenty adult Swiss albino mice. Dose related differences in all the parameters assayed were observed. After inducing th e mice with Paracetamol (toxicant) and the various extract dose for 72 hours, hepatoprotective effects of the extract was measured through Aspartate Aminotransferrase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferrase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatise (ALP) activities and histopathological study of the live r. The results of histopathological study suggested that the ethanol leaf extract of Cnestis ferruginea possessed some degree of hepatoprotective ability.
Effects of cell density, symbiotic plasmid and mutation (by transposon mutagenesis) on the expression of rhi genes in Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae were studied. Strains of the bacterium bearing and lacking regulatory gene rhiR were grown to late exponential phase and assayed for the production of rhi genes inducer. R. leguminosarum biovar viciae was specific for the synthesis of the rhi genes inducer. Expression of rhi genes advanced with increased cell population without any difference between Sym minus and Sym plus plasmid strains of the bacterium. Highest amount of the inducer was produced in the exponential phase. The growth of the microbe with and without Sym plasmid showed that symbiotic plasmid enhanced the optimal formation of rhi genes inducer. Iniducer formation in the absence of Sym plasmid was less than 20 Miller units of b-galactosidase activity in contrast to 2375 Miller units for plasmid-containing strain. Tn-5 mutagenesis generated four groups of mutants. Classes I, II, III and IV mutants were low, moderate-, high- and super-producers of the inducer. These groups showed 145-250, 625-896, 1031-1375 and 1563 Miller units of phosphatase activity respectively.
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