The methanol, ethanol and petroleum ether soluble crude and fractions extract of Gliricidia sepium and Spathodea campanulata leaf were examined for antibacterial activities, phytochemicals and possible sources of antioxidant. The antibacterial activity of the crude and fractions were carried out against nine clinical bacteria isolates using the agar well and disc diffusion methods respectively. S. campanulata crude and fractions extract possessed higher inhibitory potencies than G. sepium extracts. The antioxidant DPPH test was performed where appreciable level of both ferric reducing antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging activities were of better expression in S. campanulata than G. sepium. However, G. sepium extract has the highest concentration of phenol with a value of 1.7mg/ml and flavonoid content with a value of 0.46mg/ml. The highest phenol and flavonoids contents in S. campanulata were 1.2mg/ml and 0.56mg/ml respectively. The phytochemical compounds of the extracts such as phenols, alkaloids and saponin could have shown the high value in antibacterial assay. The crude ethanol extracts of the two plants was more potent in inhibiting the organisms, followed by the methanol extract and was least with the petroleum ether extract. G. sepium fractions extract inhibited the organisms with halos between 0-48.7mm while S. campanulata inhibited the organisms with halos between 0-49.3mm.
Yeasts isolated from a freshly tapped palm wine obtained from Akure, Nigeria were identified as Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Debaryomyces hansenii, Geotrichum lactis and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. Each of the isolates was used to ferment wheat flour dough and baked. Sensory analysis of the doughs was carried out using leavening, texture, aroma, taste and appearance. Saccharomyces cerevisiae performed best in leavening the dough while Debaryomyces hansenii produced doughs with the best taste and aroma. Appearances of the doughs made with all the isolated yeasts did not differ significantly (P>0.05) from that of the dough that lacked yeast.
This study was conducted to identify bacteria encountered and some biochemical changes which occurred during the production of sorghum lager beer. Sensory evaluation was also carried out to compare physical properties of the beer with industrially manufactured lager beer. Erwinia, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Streptococcus, Acetobacter Lactobacillus, Acinetobacter and Aerococcus species were isolated during the production. Pasteurised beer did not contain any microbe. Ethanol content and total acidity increased while pH, specific gravity, apparent extract and total carbohydrate contents decreased during the fermentation of the sorghum wort with final values of 3.62%, 0.16%, 4.2, 1.01600, 2.70 and 38.0 mg/l respectively. At 5% level of significance, the finished lager beer was generally acceptable to the panellists. It scored unsatisfactory in colour and consistency but similar in taste and odour to the industrially manufactured lager beers. Thus, the use of sorghum for the production of lager beer without adjunct could be practised.
Wastewater is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence which can serve as habitat for pathogenic microbes and can constitute to health hazard of the populace. The present study was designed to enumerate and identify microorganisms in wastewaters and to investigate the effect of Electromagnetic Field (EMF) on the populations and identities of bacteria in the wastewaters from selected industries in Akure Metropolis. Wastewater samples were collected from two different industries in Akure Metropolis. The waste water samples were subjected to microbiological analyses before and after exposure to Electromagnetic field (EMF) at 1150nT, 1310nT, 3000nT, 5000nT. The presence of some bacteria in the waste water collected from different companies showed their occurrence at different hours during the treatment of the wastewater sample with different EMF strength. It was observed that at the early part (hours) of the experiment the heavy presence of microbes were seen but as the experiment progresses the microbial population were observed been reduced. It is therefore recommended that wastewater from industries should be treated with EMF before discharging them to the other water bodies so as to avoid contamination. This will help reduce microbial population that constitute a serious hazard to public health. And could also help protect other life forms inhabiting the water body and thus guard against ecological imbalance of the microbiota.
Wastewater is one of the most critical problems of both middle and low income countries is improper management of vast amount of wastes. The research is to determine the physicochemical characteristics of the wastewaters and also to asses the effect of the Electromagnetic field (EMF) on the physicochemical factors of the waste waters Waste water samples were collected from two industries in Akure Metropolis. The waste water samples were subjected to physicochemical analyses before and after exposure to Electromagnetic field (EMF) at 1150nT, 1310nT, 3000nT, 5000nT. The presence of some bacteria in the waste water collected from different companies showed their occurrence at different hours during the treatment of the wastewater sample with different EMF strength. a. From the two industries, before EMF treatment industry A had the highest pH value (7.74), Temperature (27.00oC), Total Solid (277.00mg/l.), Total Disolved Solids (256.00mg/l.) Industry B had Total hardness (994mg/l), Chemical Oxygen Demand (13.20mg/l), Potassium (13.23g/l), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (9.60mg/l) Zinc (1.24ppm) and Copper (0.07ppm). From the two industries, after EMF treatment pH (6.47), Turbidity (0.29NTU), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (4.60), Chemical Oxygen Demand (5.40). Industry B had Chloride (10.47mg/l), (600 mg/l). Sulphate (8.70mg/l), after exposure to EMF, the values above listed shows physicochemical factors reduced significantly. Therefore from the study, it was observed that EMF treatment has a significant effect on the bacteria load and physicochemical condition of the waste water samples.
Aim:The microbial types, occurrence, loads and interactions were studied during the production of a Nigerian fermented beverage, 'Agadagidi', from overripe plantains.
The Sym plasmid pRL1JI encodes functions for the formation of nitrogen-fixing pea root nodules by Rhizobium leguminosarum. Some of the nodulation genes are involved in recognition of chemical signals produced by the plant root, and others are required for production of chemical signals recognized by the plant. pRL1JI also contains a regulatory gene, rhiR, that is homologous to luxR, the transcriptional activator of luminescence genes in Vibrio fischeri. LuxR requires a signal compound, an autoinducer, for its activity. We have identified an R. leguminosarum autoinducer that, together with RhiR, is required to activate both the rhizosphere-expressed rhiABC operon and a growth-inhibiting function encoded by pRL1JI. This intercellular signal is an N-acylated homoserine lactone structurally related to the V. fischeri and other autoinducers. These findings indicate a new level of intercellular communication in root nodule formation.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from 20 years abandoned mine site of Itagunmodi Atakunmosa West, Ilesha, Nigeria.Atomic absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) revealed Fe, Mn, Cr, Zn, Pb and Cr, while, Fe has the highest concentration range of 29-289 ppm in the analysed soil samples.Soil samples were enriched in R2b agar, serially diluted and pour plated.Four bacteria strains were isolated and identified using standard biochemical test.After routine biosurfactant screening by oil spreading and emulsification test, biosurfactant producing bacteria was confirmed as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The partially purified biosurfactants were characterized with TLC and GC-MS analysis.The analyses indicated glycolipid biosurfactant specifically designated as Rhamnolipid-sa1 containing isopalmitic acid, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester and hydroxylated fatty acid linked to decanoic acids.Iron removal potential of the extracted biosurfactant was studied and the result revealed that Rhamnolipid-sa1 effectively reduced iron (60.34%) and could be useful as alternative remediation tool for treatment of iron contaminated soil.
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