The patterning of adaxial-abaxial tissues plays a vital role in the morphology of lateral organs, which is maintained by antagonism between the genes that specify adaxial and abaxial tissue identity. The homeo-domain leucine zipper class III (HD-ZIP III) family genes regulate adaxial identity; however, little information is known about the physical interactions or transcriptionally regulated downstream genes of HD-ZIP III. In this study, we identified a dominant rice mutant, lateral floret 1 (lf1), which has defects in lateral organ polarity. LF1 encodes the HD-ZIP III transcription factor, which expressed in the adaxial area of lateral organs. LF1 can activate directly the expression of LITTLE ZIPPER family gene OsZPR4 and HD-ZIP II family gene OsHOX1, and OsZPR4 and OsHOX1 respectively interact with LF1 to form a heterodimer to repress the transcriptional activity of LF1. LF1 influences indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content by directly regulating the expression of OsYUCCA6. Therefore, LF1 forms negative feedback loops between OsZPR4 and OsHOX1 to affect IAA content, leading to the regulation of lateral organs polarity development. These results reveal the cross-talk among HD-ZIP III, LITTLE ZIPPER, and HD-ZIP II proteins and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the polarity development of lateral organs.
Objective— Our recent studies identified berberine (BBR) as a novel cholesterol-lowering drug that upregulates low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor expression through mRNA stabilization. Here, we investigated mechanisms underlying regulatory effects of BBR on LDL receptor (LDLR) messenger. Methods and Results— We show that the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway is used primarily by BBR to attenuate the decay of LDLR mRNA in HepG2 cells. Using different reporter constructs, we demonstrate that BBR affects LDLR mRNA stability entirely through 3′ untranslated region (UTR) in an ERK-dependent manner, and this stabilizing effect is more prominent in liver-derived cells than nonhepatic cell lines. In contrast to BBR, the mRNA stabilizing effect of bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid is mediated through the LDLR coding sequence, whereas the 5′UTR, 3′UTR, and the coding sequence of LDLR mRNA are all implicated in the action of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. By performing UV cross-linking and SDS-PAGE, we identify 2 cytoplasmic proteins of 52 and 42 kDa that specifically bind to the LDLR 3′UTR in BBR-inducible and ERK-dependent manners. Conclusions— These new findings demonstrate that the BBR-induced stabilization of LDLR mRNA is mediated by the ERK signaling pathway through interactions of cis -regulatory sequences of 3′UTR and mRNA binding proteins that are downstream effectors of this signaling cascade.
Objective To investigate the effects of suction on the retinal microcirculation blood flow in myopic patients for LASIK. Methods Heidelberg retina flowmetry (HRF) was performed on 38 patients(62 eyes) , who were entered into the three groups( the low, the middle and the high myopia). Volume, flow and velocity were analyzed in papillary vascular, temporal rim, nasal rim, temporal juxtapapillary retina, nasal juxtapapillary retina and scleral cribrum before and after LASIK. Results Of volume, flow, and velocity,there were no significant differences in papillary vascular, temporal rim, nasal rim, temporal juxtapapillary retina, and nasal juxtapapillary retina before and after LASIK in each group. Conclusion It is postulated that the suction can't significantly affect the retinal microcirculation blood flow in myopic patients for LASIK
Objective To investigate the influence on tear film of different eye drops before laser in situ keartomileusis(LASIK).Methods Patients with LASIK from December 2010 to March 2011 were divided into 2 groups:Group Ⅰ used antibiotic eye drops(Ofloxacin) at 3 days before operation;GroupⅡ used antibiotic eye drops(Ofloxacin) and sodium hyaluronate eye drops at 3 days before operation.Schirmer Ⅰ test,tear break-up time(BUT),corneal fluorescine staining and optical coherence tomography(OCT) were taken.At 3 days after using different eye drops,lacrimal riuer was detected with OCT again,and compared with the outcomes before using eye drops.Results OCT results of lacrimal riuer before using eye drops:area was(0.025±0.015)mm2,length was(248.59±77.33)mm and height was(179.26±45.20)μm for lacrimal riuer in Group Ⅰ,area was(0.021±0.015)mm2,length was(228.77.59±46.47)mm and height was(179.12±438.70)μm for lacrimal riuer in GroupⅡ.There was statistical difference in length of lacrimal riuer(P=0.003).The OCT results of lacrimal riuer at 3 days after using eye drops:area was(0.021±0.013)mm2,length was(225.32±54.80)mm and height was(171.65±40.30)μm for lacrimal riuer in Group Ⅰ,area was(0.025±0.017)mm2,length was(248.27±82.80)mm and height was(189.95±53.80) μm for lacrimal riuer in GroupⅡ.The height of lacrimal riuer in GroupⅡ was higher than that in GroupⅠ(P=0.048).Area and length of lacrimal riuer in Group Ⅰwere lowered after using eye drops(P=0.047,0.011);The three index increased after using eye drops,and there was statistical difference in length of lacrima riuer(P=0.04).Conclusion Using antibiotic eye drops(Ofloxacin) and sodium hyaluronate eye drops before LASIK,can lower the side effect of antibiotic eye drops and increase eye tears.
Abstract Leaf morphology is one of the most important features of the ideal plant architecture. However, the genetic and molecular mechanisms controlling this feature in crops remain largely unknown. Here, we characterized the rice (Oryza sativa) wide leaf 1 (wl1) mutant, which has wider leaves than the wild-type due to more vascular bundles and greater distance between small vascular bundles. WL1 encodes a Cys-2/His-2-type zinc finger protein that interacts with Tillering and Dwarf 1 (TAD1), a co-activator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) (a multi-subunit E3 ligase). The APC/CTAD1 complex degrades WL1 via the ubiquitin-26S proteasome degradation pathway. Loss-of-function of TAD1 resulted in plants with narrow leaves due to reduced vascular bundle numbers and distance between the small vascular bundles. Interestingly, we found that WL1 negatively regulated the expression of a narrow leaf gene, NARROW LEAF 1 (NAL1), by recruiting the co-repressor TOPLESS-RELATED PROTEIN and directly binding to the NAL1 regulatory region to inhibit its expression by reducing the chromatin histone acetylation. Furthermore, biochemical and genetic analyses revealed that TAD1, WL1, and NAL1 operated in a common pathway to control the leaf width. Our study establishes an important framework for understanding the APC/CTAD1–WL1–NAL1 pathway-mediated control of leaf width in rice, and provides insights for improving crop plant architecture.
Previous studies found that temperature could influence molluscicidal activity of pedunsaponin A (PA), which might be related to the expression of the Hsp70 gene, a cold-tolerance gene of Pomacea canaliculata. We determined the temperature effect of PA by laboratory immersion test, and the relationship between Hsp70 gene and the temperature sensitivity of P. canaliculata poisoned by PA was studied by immersion and RNA interference(RNAi). Temperature sensitivity tests showed that toxicity of PA to P. canaliculata was greatly affected by temperature. LC50 value was 17.7239 mg/L at 10 °C and sharply decreased to 2.5774 mg/L at 30 °C, implying that there was positive correlation between toxicity of PA and temperature. After Hsp70 being interfered with, the mortality rate of P. canaliculata treated with PA for 72 h was 70%, which was significantly higher than that of snails treated with PA for 72 h without interfering (56.7%). This indicates that protein Hsp70 could reduce the lethal effect of PA on P. canaliculata. Meanwhile, immune enzyme activities such as SOD, ACP and AKP were significantly increased in the interfered group and the content of PcAdv target proteins in the gill was also significantly increased. These results suggest that deletion of Hsp70 promotes the activation of the immune system of P. canaliculata and elevates the content of target proteins to cope with the dual stresses of low temperatures and molluscicides. These findings indicate that the Hsp70 protein plays an important role in influencing the temperature sensitivity of P. canaliculata when treated with PA.
Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown exceptional capabilities in vision-language tasks; however, effectively integrating image segmentation into these models remains a significant challenge. In this paper, we introduce Text4Seg, a novel text-as-mask paradigm that casts image segmentation as a text generation problem, eliminating the need for additional decoders and significantly simplifying the segmentation process. Our key innovation is semantic descriptors, a new textual representation of segmentation masks where each image patch is mapped to its corresponding text label. This unified representation allows seamless integration into the auto-regressive training pipeline of MLLMs for easier optimization. We demonstrate that representing an image with $16\times16$ semantic descriptors yields competitive segmentation performance. To enhance efficiency, we introduce the Row-wise Run-Length Encoding (R-RLE), which compresses redundant text sequences, reducing the length of semantic descriptors by 74% and accelerating inference by $3\times$, without compromising performance. Extensive experiments across various vision tasks, such as referring expression segmentation and comprehension, show that Text4Seg achieves state-of-the-art performance on multiple datasets by fine-tuning different MLLM backbones. Our approach provides an efficient, scalable solution for vision-centric tasks within the MLLM framework.
Convolutional neural networks(CNNs) are widely used in image restoration tasks, but they are limited by local operations and cannot be used to model long-range pixel dependencies. Recently, using the idea of non-local operations, various non-local networks and the Vision Transformer have been proposed to address this problem of CNNs. However, most of these models cannot adaptively process images with different resolutions, and their large number of parameters and computational complexity make them unfavorable for edge deployment. In this paper, we propose an efficient Global Self-Attention Memristive Neural Network (GSA-MNN) for image restoration and present a circuit implementation scheme for GSA-MNN based on memristors. GSA-MNN can both extract global and local information from images and has fully convolutional properties, which can be flexibly applied to different resolution images. Specifically, we design two global attention modules: The Global Spatial Attention Module (GSAM) and the Global Channel Attention Module (GCAM) to complete the modeling and inference of global relations. The GSAM is used to model global spatial relations between the pixels of the feature maps, while the GCAM explores global relations across the channels. In order to deal with image regions with complex textures, we also designed a multi-scale local information extraction module. Powered by these three modules, GSA-MNN enjoys an excellent ability to capture both global and local dependencies in image restoration. Finally, we provide a full-circuit implementation scheme for these three modules, using a modular design to complete the circuit design of the entire GSA-MNN. Benefiting from the programmability of the memristor crossbar, three kinds of image restoration tasks: image deraining, low-light image enhancement, and image dehazing are realized on the same circuit framework by adjusting the configuration parameters. Experimental comparisons with over 20 state-of-the-art methods on 10 public datasets show that our proposed GSA-MNN has superiority.
Pomacea canaliculata, as an invasive snail in China, can adversely affect agricultural crop yields, ecological environment, and human health. In this paper, we studied the molluscicidal activity and mechanisms of arecoline against P. canaliculata. The molluscicidal activity tests showed that arecoline exhibits strong toxicity against P. canaliculata, and the LC50 value (72 h) was 1.05 mg/L (15 ± 2 mm shell diameter). Additionally, Molluscicidal toxicity were negatively correlated with the size of snails. Snails (25 ± 2 mm shell diameter) were choosed for mechanisms research and the result of microstructure and biochemistry showed that arecoline (4 mg/L, 20 ℃) had strong toxic effect on the gill, and the main signs were the loss of cilia in the gill filaments. Moreover, arecoline significantly decreased the oxygen consumption rate, ammonia excretion rate and inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Then, the changes in protein expression were studied by iTRAQ, and 526 downregulated proteins were found. Among these, cilia and flagella-associated 157-like (PcCFP) and rootletin-like (PcRoo) were selected as candidate target proteins through bioinformatics analysis, and then RNA interference (RNAi) was adopted to verify the function of PcCFP and PcRoo. The results showed that after arecoline treated, the mortality and the cilia shedding rate of PcRoo RNAi treated group was significantly lower than control group. The above results indicate that arecoline can bind well with protein PcRoo, and then leads to the drop of gill cilia, affect respiratory metabolism, accelerate its entry into hemolymph, inhibit AChE and finally leads to the death of P. canaliculata.
Images taken in rainy, hazy, and low-light environments severely hinder the performance of outdoor computer vision systems. Most data-driven image restoration methods are task-specific and computationally intensive, whereas the capture and processing of degraded images occur largely in end-side devices with limited computing resources. Motivated by addressing the above issues, a novel software and hardware co-designed image restoration method named multi-flow attentive memristive neural network (MA-MNN) is proposed in this paper, which combines a deep learning algorithm and the nanoscale device memristor. The multi-level complementary spatial contextual information is exploited by the multi-flow aggregation block. The dense connection design is adopted to provide smooth transportation across units and alleviate the vanishing-gradient. The supervised calibration block is designed to facilitate achieving the dual-attention mechanism that helps the model identify and re-calibrate the transformed features. Besides, a hardware implementation scheme based on memristors is designed to provide low energy consumption solutions for embedded applications. Extensive experiments in image deraining, image dehazing and low-light image enhancement have shown that the proposed method is highly competitive with over 20 state-of-the-art methods.
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