In this study, we elucidated the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Tachycines (Gymnaeta) zorzini (accession number MW322826). The circular mitogenome is 15,369-bp-long, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and a non-coding control region. The overall base composition is as follows: A, 42.16%; T, 31.75%; C, 15.97%; G, and 10.12%; a slight A + T bias of 73.91%. Phylogenetic analysis of some species of Ensifera revealed that Tachycines (Gymnaeta) zorzini was closer to Tachycines (Tachycines) minor, Tachycines, and Diestrammena are monophyletic.
The interaction between visitors and captive birds is complex, with a potential impact on bird's behavior and welfare. Understanding this interaction is essential for effective conservation and management.
Objective:To evaluate the effects of simulation defecography and liquid barium defecography,and to select the better method for diagnosing the outlet obstructive constipation.Methods:Both simulation defecography and liquid barium defecography were carried out in 23 patients with constipation,and two methods were compared.Results:The simulation defecography was closer to the physiological state of defecation than liquid barium defecography.The detectable rate and the pathological serious degree of the simulation defecography were better than liquid barium defecography.Conclusion:The diagnosis results of simulation defecography is more accurate than liquid barium defecography.
Gut micriobiota have important roles in the immune, nutrition, and physiology of animals. To study the cause of gut microbiota change in black-necked cranes, we collected 9fresh Black-necked cranes’ fecal samples from Dashanbao Reserve. High throughput Illumina sequencing technology was used to analyze the microbial community structure of the collected samples for the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Proteobacteria (44.14%) followed by Firmicutes (17.95%) and Bacteroidetes (9.97%) were the core dominant groups, and all of them play a role in the degradation of cellulose in Black-necked cranes. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes contain glycan degrading enzymes, play a vital role in polysaccharide fermentation, and could help the host obtain more energy and materials. Higher Proteobacteria were unusual in birds. To explain this phenomenon, we analyzed the genus abundance of Proteobacteria in detail, found that Psychrobacter has the highest abundance and can grow at sub-zero temperatures. Through comparison, it was show that there were certain differences in the abundance of gut microbiota in different period The significance of this study was to provide a reference for understanding the function of intestinal microbiota and factors of gut microbiota structure change of Black-necked cranes and other migratory waterbirds.
Aims:The expanding human footprint has increased the frequency of interactions between humans and wildlife.Understanding how fauna respond to anthropogenic disturbances in protected areas is vital to guide management decisions and conservation efforts.Previous studies suggest that wildlife tends to avoid humans both spatially and temporally.However, little attention has been given to how wild pheasants respond to anthropogenic disturbances in protected areas.The Lady Amherst's pheasant (Chrysolophus amherstiae) is a widely-distributed wild pheasant found in low-to mid-elevation environments across Southwest China, an area that has been perturbed by extensive human activity.This study assesses the Lady Amherst's pheasant's spatial and temporal responses to anthropogenic activity in anature reserve in the subtropical forests of Southwest China.Methods: Between November 2017 and October 2018, we deployed 36 infrared camera traps to survey Lady Amherst's pheasant behavior and the extent of anthropogenic disturbance (i.e., livestock grazing, the presence of domesticated dogs and cats, and human activity).We then assessed the spatial and temporal responses of pheasants to anthropogenic disturbances in breeding and non-breeding seasons.Results: Lady Amherst's pheasant exhibited temporal, but not spatial, avoidance of anthropogenic disturbance.Daily activity of the pheasant peaked from 17:30 to 18:30, avoiding the most vigorous anthropogenic disturbance (occurring at approximately 12:00) in the non-breeding season.In the breeding season, daily activity levels increased rapidly and coincided more frequently with anthropogenic disturbance than during the non-breeding season.This may have been related to breeding activities such as territorial defense and mating displays.Furthermore, pheasants in more intensely disturbed sites were more likely to be active at dusk when human activity was low, suggesting that they adjust their behavior in response to anthropogenic disturbance.Conclusion: Lady Amherst's pheasants tend to avoid anthropogenic disturbance in the non-breeding season, but reduce avoidance in the breeding season.Management measures such as limiting human activity, grazing, and the number of domestic dogs and cats in the breeding season may help support populations of this wild pheasant and other ground-breeding species in this nature reserve.
Abstract Animal gut is a dynamic ecosystem, and there are many factors affecting the structure of intestinal flora and the diversity of intestinal microbes, among which food differences are the direct causes. To investigate the effect of food composition on the intestinal flora structure of mandarin duck during the reproductive period, 9 feces were collected from 2 foraging sites of Shiqian Mandarin Duck Lake National Wetland Park, Guizhou, China. We analyzed the chloroplast rbcL gene, mitochondrial COI gene and 16S rRNA gene from the total DNA of the feces in detail to know the plants and animals in food compositions and intestinal bacteria of mandarin duck by high-throughput sequencing technology. We found that the gut microbiota composition were significantly correlated with the number of feeding species, the mandarin duck with a wide variety of feeding food had the more complex gut flora with more probiotics and less pathogenic bacterium. This study provides further theoretical support for food difference to affect the changes of intestinal bacterial structure of host, and provides scientific basis for understanding the feeding preference of mandarin duck at breeding area.
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