Hierarchically porous Ce/TiO2/graphitic carbon microsphere composites (xCe/TiO2/GCM, where x = 0.2, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 mmol·L-1) were prepared for the first time by using a simple colloidal crystal template and characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption and desorption, scanning electron microscopy, and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of CO2 reduction by H2O under simulated solar irradiation was studied. The results showed that the Ce/TiO2/GCM composite material was characterized by large porosity, high concentration of metal compounds and graphitized carbon matrix, and the content of acetone solvent having a great impact on its form. In terms of the photocatalytic CO2 reaction, the CH4 and CO productions were 4.587 and 357.851 μmol·g-1, respectively. The 2Ce/TiO2/GCM photocatalyst gave the highest production rate for three products. Under simulated solar irradiation, the Ce/TiO2/GCM has excellent photocatalytic activity in the photoreduction of CO2 from H2O, which was related to the special composition and the Ce/TiO2/GCM structure.
Bituminous pavement on concrete bridge is of a complex property because applied loads give rise to stress response.The stability in high-temperature environment is an important parameter of pavement materials.To analyze the pavement materials,the stabilities of SMA-13,AC-20 improver,SMA-10 in high-temperature environment are examined by furrow survey,core sampling in the field and furrow test indoors.Such a study can not only offer a reliable basis for mixture design but it can also serve as references in similar engineering practice.
The current system for land expropriation and requisition,which was built in the 1950s,has some problems that we should pay more attentions to,these include: Public interest is not clear;Collection procedures are not standardized;as well as unreasonable compensation,ineffective supervision and management,and imperfect legal system.The paper points out that the major measures we should take are developing a unified Land Acquisition Act clearly defining public interest,standardizing collection procedures,raising the compensation standards,strengthening supervision and management,and manage land acquisition affairs according to law.
Compared with the traditional adsorption filtration method or oxidation method of titanium dioxide and other materials, photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants is used to generate extremely active free radicals in the reaction system, through combination or substitution of free radicals with organic pollutants. The process degrades pollutants into non-toxic and harmless inorganic substances. This method is widely used due to its environmental protection, energy saving, and easy operation. Among today's many catalysts, heteropoly acids stand out as a green catalyst with unique properties. It has a variety of types, changes in structure, magnetism, conductivity, redox activity and other advantages, showing good application prospects. Researchers have combined multiple materials to make their properties complementary to become more efficient catalysts. This article introduces the latest work of heteropolyacid photocatalysts for treatment of organic pollutants in wastewater, and summarizes the synthesis conditions and catalytic mechanism of several modified heteropolyacids in photocatalysts. Research progress in the field of photocatalysis is reviewed.
As a new type of environmental pollutant, microplastics (MPs) can adsorb residual organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the soil and pose a severe threat to the soil ecosystems. To understand the interaction between soil MPs and OCPs, the sorption of two kinds of OCPs, including hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), on polyethylene (PE) microplastics in soil suspension was studied through sorption kinetics and isotherm models. The effects of solution/soil ratio and MPs diameter on sorption were examined. The kinetic experiment results show that the sorption equilibrium was 12 h, and the sorption process of OCPs on MPs can be well described by a pseudo-second-order model. The Freundlich model (R2 = 0.942–0.997) provides a better fit to the sorption isotherm data than the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.062–0.634), indicating that the sorption process takes place on the nonuniform surface of MPs. The MPs had a good sorption effect on OCPs when the solution/soil ratio was from 75:1 to 100:1. As the diameter of MPs increases, the sorption capacity decreases. These results provide support for further research on microplastic pollution in soil.
Geographical Indications Right is a new kind of intellectual property rights validated by the World Trade Organization (WTO),Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights( Trips),which is of many characters,such as aggregation、legitimation、 perpetuity、nontransferable ect.Actions of infringing Geographical Indications Right can be divided into counterfeiting、fraudulently copy、applying Geographical Indications mechanically、use other's Geographical Indications Rights as trademark、the name of corporation and so on.To protect the legitimate interest of Geographical Indications Right owner,infringing act on Geographical Indications Rights should be given administrative remedy、 civil remedy and penal remedy.
Transfer of environmental pollution is the result of many synthetical factors, including impetus of economic profits and influence of shortage of systems. We should improve legislation of environmental protection and reinforce law of environmental protection as soon as possible to restrain the extension of the transfer of environmental protection.
Preventive protection is the basic protective measure of trade secrets. Not only does it play a very important part in the existence of trade secrets, but also influences their overall protective effects. Therefore, it is an important link of the protection system of trade secrets. China, after her entry into WTO, should attach great importance to the preventive protection of trade secrets, heighten the sense of security, perfect the security institutions, strengthen the security management, and raise the technical standard of security.
This study was aimed to analyze the thallium pollution and assess the potential ecological risks in the vicinity of coal mines in Henan province, China. We studied 90 surface farmland soil samples from 9 representative coal mines. The Tl concentrations were determined and the potential ecological risks were evaluated. Investigations revealed the farmland soils were modestly contaminated and the trace elements in coal mining areas transferred to the surface soils. Soil Tl contents and potential ecological risks in coal mining areas were significantly increased compared with the original soils which came from the villagers' mud houses built 40 years ago. The soil Tl concentrations ranged from 0.25 to 0.77(mean = 0.46) mg∙kg−1, which were higher than the original level (0.42 mg∙kg−1). The potential ecological risk index of Tl ranged from 24.00 to 73.2 (mean 44.08), representing a moderate pollution level as a whole of the soils in Henan. In general, high Tl concentrations and high potential ecological risk were found around SHQ and DTG. The soil Tl concentrations exceed the original level and pose noticeable ecological risks.
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